TCE Flashcards
Describe the classification of matter flowchart.
Matter into Heterogenous and Homogeneous. Homogenous into Pure Substances and solutions. Pure Substances into Elements and Compounds. Elements into Non-metals, metals and metalloids.
What are pure substances?
Pure substances consist of matter which is homogeneous, that is has the same type and distribution of particles throughout, and a definitive, fixed composition. Pure substances include elements and compounds.
What are elements?
Elements are substance that cannot be separated by chemical change into simpler substances, for example carbon, oxygen and copper.
What are compounds?
Compounds are substances composed of two or more elements combined in fixed proportions. Compounds have quite different properties from those of elements they contain.
What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
Nitrogen
What elements are part of the mixture that predominantly makes up the atmosphere? What else does the atmosphere consist of?
The elements nitrogen, oxygen and argon. It contains small amounts of gaseous compounds such as water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
Name a mixture in the atmosphere, and state an element and a compound found within it.
Mixture - Air
Elements - Oxygen, Nitrogen, Argon
Compounds - Water, Carbon Dioxide
What is the major component of the hydrosphere?
The compound water.
Rivers and lakes are predominantly water but also consist of what?
They have dissolved in it small amounts of the elements oxygen and nitrogen and compounds such as carbon dioxide and sodium, calcium and magnesium chlorides and sulfates.
What are heterogenous and homogenous substances relating to the hydrosphere?
If only the dissolved elements and compounds are present in fresh water then it is a solution that is homogeneous. However, suspended soils and microscopic bacteria, algae and plant life are often present as well and these make the mixtures heterogenous.
Name a mixture in the hydrosphere, and state an element and a compound found within it.
Mixture - Sea Water
Elements - Oxygen, Nitrogen
Compounds - Water, Sodium Chloride
List some mixtures in the lithosphere.
- soils which are mixtures of various aluminosilicates (clays, compounds containing aluminium, silicon, oxygen and metals), sand and decomposing animal and vegetable matter
- coal, oil and natural gas which are mixtures of compounds of carbon formed from decayed plant and animal matter.
- sand which is mainly silicon dioxide with variable amounts of ground-shell or finely divided dirt
Name a mixture in the lithosphere, and state an element and a compound found within it.
Mixture - Rock
Elements - Gold, Silver
Compounds - Ore
Describe some mixtures in living matter. (biosphere)
Living matter such as plants, algae and bacteria consists of mixtures of carbon-containing compounds(along with water and small amounts of minerals); the main types are carbohydrates and proteins, fats and vitamins. Many of the carbohydrates and proteins are insoluble (cellulose, skin hair) and make up the structure of the organisms, while others are soluble and so cause the functioning of the organisms. Free elements (apart from dissolved O and N) are extremely rare in living matter.
Name a mixture in the biosphere, and state an element and a compound found within it.
Mixture - Soil
Elements - Iron, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Compounds - Water
