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BCH MEtabolism > TCA Cycle > Flashcards

TCA Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Acetyl CoA pushed through the TCA cycle, how much of the following molecules are produced:

A

3 NADH (2.5)
1 FADH2 (1.5)
1 GTP
2 CO2

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2
Q

How much ATP is produced per Acetyl CoA pushed in the TCA cycle?

A

10 ATP equivalents

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3
Q

What reaction does citrate synthase catalyze?

A

OAA + Acetyl CoA–> Citrate

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4
Q

The presence of what molecule inhibits citrate synthase?

A

citrate (-)

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5
Q

What reaction does isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyze?

A

Isocitrate + NAD+ –> alpha-ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADH

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6
Q

What molecules inhibit isocitrate dehydrogenase?

A

ATP (-)

NADH (-)

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7
Q

The presence of what molecule activates isocitrate dehydrogenase?

A

ADP (+)

Ca2+ (+) muscle

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8
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the formation of succinyl CoA from alpha- ketoglutarate?

A

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

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9
Q

formation of succinyl CoA also releases what molecules?

A

NADH
CO2
Step 4

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10
Q

What molecules inhibit the enzyme

A

succinyl CoA
NADH(-)
ATP (-)
Ca2+ (+)

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11
Q

formation of what molecule in the TCA cycle results in GTP liberation

A

Succinate
via succinyl-CoA synthetase
STep 5

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12
Q

formation of what molecule in the TCA cycle results in FADH2 liberation

A

Fumarate
via succinate dehydrogenase
Step 6

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13
Q

What reaction does malate dehydrogenase catalyze?

A

malate + NAD+ –> OAA + NADH

Step 8

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14
Q

Is the reaction that malate dehydrogenase catalyzes reversible

A

Yes important in gluconeogenesis

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15
Q

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Rxn

A

Pyruvate –> Acetyl CoA + CO2

produces NADH

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16
Q

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex uses cofactors

A 
Thiamine
Lipoate
FAD 
NAD+
Coenzyme A
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17
Q

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex has 3 catalytic subunits

A

E1- coenzyme TPP
E2- coenzyme LIpoate
E3- coezyme FAD

18
Q

E1 subunit of PDC rxn

A

pyruvate is decarboxylated and attached to TPP

19
Q

E2 subunit of PDC rxn

A

hydroxyethyl gorup is oxidized and transferred to Lipoate

acetyl gorup is transferred to CoA

20
Q

E3 subunit of PDC rxn

A

sulfhydryl lipoate is deoxidized using FAD and NAD+

to regenerate E2

21
Q

vitamin for Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP)

A

thiamine (B1)

22
Q

vitamin for lipoate/lipoamide

A

fatty acid - Octanoic Acid

23
Q

vitamin for Flavin Adenin Dinucleotide (FAD)

A

riboflavin

24
Q

vitamin for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+)

A

Niacin

25
Q

Vitamin for Coenzyme A (CoA)

A

Panthothenate

26
Q

Regulation of PDC

A

PDC kinase - inactivates PDC

PDC phosphatase - activates PDC

27
Q

PDC kinase regulation

A

NADH (+)
Acetyl CoA(+)
ADP (-)
pyruvate (-)

28
Q

PDC phosphatase regulation

A

Ca2+ (+)

29
Q

PDC deficiency

A

pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid
lactic acidemia
mental retardation- brain requires glucose for energy

30
Q

TCA occurs in

A

mitochondria

31
Q

Acetyl CoA is generated from

A 
glucose
fatty acids
amino acids
ketone bodies
acetate
32
Q

Acetyl CoA is oxidized to

A

CO2

generates reducing equivalents and GTP

33
Q

TCA cycle is initiated by

A

Acetyl CoA

OAA

34
Q

TCA cycle generates _ ATP from fuel oxidation

A

2/3

35
Q

TCA intermediates are critical precursors for biosynthetic pathways

A 
Citrate- FA synthesis
alpha KG- AA synthesis, neurotransmitter
Succinyl CoA- heme synthesis
Malate- gluconeogenesis
OAA- AA synthesis
36
Q

Anaplerotic reactions replenish intermediates of TCA

A 
AA --> pyruvate --> OAA 
Carb, FA, AA --> Acetyl CoA--> Citrate
AA--> Glutamate --> alpa -KG 
Val, Ile, Thr, Met--> propinoyl CoA --> Succinyl CoA
AA- fumurate 
Aspartate--> OAA
37
Q

Pyruvate carboxylase

A

major anapldrotic enzyme
Biotin- coenzyme that transfers the CO2 to Pyruvate to make OAA
Acetyl CoA (+)
liver, brain, adipocytes

38
Q

Fumarase deficiency

A

Fumarase –X–> Malate
neurological disorders, encephalomyopathy evident at birth
elevated
elevated fumarate, succinate, alpha-KG, citrate, malate in Urine

39
Q

alpha-KG deficiency

A

oxoglutaric aciduria

infantile lactic acidosis , retardation, sudden death, myocardiopathy, hepatic disorders

40
Q

Thiamine def

A

dietary or chronic alcoholism

inhibits alpha-KG & PDC complex

BCH MEtabolism (8 decks)

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