TBL questions (renal) Flashcards
Which of the following statements regarding urinary tract Infections Is TRUE?
A. Viral infection Is the most common cause of cystitis.
B. Pyelonephrltis Is unlikely to occur unless there Is obstruction or ureteral reflux.
c. Prostatic secretions promote bacterial growth causing cystitis in men older than 50 years old.
D. Premenopausal women are at increased risk for Irritation and Inflammation of the urethra due to lower oestrogen levels.
B
The nurse encouraged Marie, a patient with urinary tract Infection, to completely empty the bladder every time she passes urine. This is to:
A. promote bladder distention.
B. increase bladder muscle tone.
C. lower urine bacterial count and reduce urinary stasis.
D. decrease blood flow to the bladder so bacteria don’t thrive.
C
Which of the following nursing management are appropriate for a patient with urinary tract infection?
i. Educate the patient to avoid alcohol.
ii. Encourage her to Increase fluids up to 1200 ml/day.
iii. Observe strict aseptic technique when conducting nursing procedures.
iv. Provide meticulous perinea! care for her.
v. Use scented soap when cleaning the perinea! area.
A. i, iii,iv
B. i, ii, iv
C. iii, iv, v
D. ii, iii, iv
A
What is the MOST COMMON pathogen that can cause urinary tract infections in patients?
A. Staphylococcus epidermidis
B. Candida auris
C. Ascaris lumbricoides
D. Escherichiacoli
D
A patient suspected of having Urinary Tract Infection had a Dipstick Test done which showed positive leukocyte esterase. What does the presence of leukocyte esterase indicate?
A. Pyuria is present.
B. The UTI is due to a virus.
C. Nitrates are reduced to nitrites.
D. Escherichiacoli is the cause of the UTI.
A. pyuria is pus
Which of the following patient education instructions are appropriate for the prevention of Urinary Tract Infection?
i. Void every 4 to 6 hours
ii. Avoid bubble baths, tub baths
iii. Use good perinea! care, wiping from back to front
iv. Avoid wearing tight underwear
A. i,ii
B. i, iii
C. ii, iv
D. iii, iv
C
Ravi is a 59-year-old vegan health enthusiast who was diagnosed with grade 1 haemorrhoid a year ago. He also has a family history of prostate cancer. Based on his profile, what predisposes Ravi to develop benign prostatic hyperplasia?
A. Age
B. Diet
C. Presence of Haemorrhoid
D. Family history of Prostate Cancer
A
By the age of 60 around 50% of men develop BPH, and over 90% have it by the age of 85.
Other risk factors for developing BPH include obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and family history of BPH.
Which of the following hormones are thought to influence the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
A. Oestrogen and progesterone
B. Testosterone and progesterone
C. Oestrogen and dihydrotestosterone
D. Progesterone and dihydrotestosterone
C
The exact cause of BPH is not well understood, but current understanding is that environmental and genetic factors play a role along with the influence of the sex hormones tesosterone (converted to) dihydrotestosterone, or DHT, and estrogen.
A benign prostatic hyperplasia patient has been started on alpha-adrenergic blocker medication. How should the nurse explain to the patient how the medication works?
A. “You will have reduced urine production as the medication works to prevent urinary retention.”
B. “The medication will decrease the size of your prostate so your symptoms will be reduced.”
C. “The drug will relax the muscle in your prostate so your urine can flow better.”
D. “The medication will prevent the production of hormones that cause the symptoms.”
C
alpha adregergic blocker/alpha-1 blocker such as tamsulosin relax muscle. OSIM=osin
Which of the following nursing management steps are appropriate for a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia?
i. Instruct the patient to Increase Intake of caffeine.
ii. Encourage fluid intake of up to 2000 to 3000 ml/day If no other restrictions.
iii. Instruct the patient to follow a timed voiding schedule.
iv. Keep the patient on bed rest
v. Record urine output once a day
vi. Avoid providing extra fluids before bedtime
A. i, ii,iii
B. i, iii,iv
C. ii, iii, vi
D. All of the above
C
Which of the following Investigation findings MOST LIKELY support the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
A. Absence of obstruction on CT scan
B. Smooth prostate on digital rectal examination
C. large post-void urinary residual on bladder scan
D. Radiographic evidence of atrophy of the prostate on CT scan
C
Which of the following is NOT a potential complication caused by Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?
A. Hydroureter
B. Urinary reflux
C. Urinary retention
D. Acute Prostatitis
D
A transurethral resection of the prostate Is performed on Mr Fernandes. Two hours after surgery, the nurse takes his vital signs and empties the urinary drainage bag. Which of the following assessment findings should be reported as abnormal?
A. Red bloody urine
B. Mild pain related to bladder spasms
C. Urinary output of 50 ml higher than intake
D. Blood pressure 100/50 mmHg, Pulse 130 beats/ min
D
possibly hypovolemic shock from post-op sepsis
A patient with AKI has experienced a significant reduction in urine output despite fluid resuscitation. What is the most likely reason for this observation?
A. Inadequate response to fluids indicating severe AKI
B. Overhydration leading to fluid overload
C. Underlying chronic kidney disease exacerbating AKI
D. Presence of a post-renal obstruction
A
Which of the following is NOT a COMMON risk factor for developing Acute Kidney Injury?
A. Advanced age
B. High protein diet
C. High blood pressure
D. Regular NSAID use
B
There are some factors that can put an individual at risk for AKI.
Unfortunately, many of them are non-modifiable factors that decrease kidney function over time, such as advanced age, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune diseases, certain cancers, uncontrolled hypertension, and heart, liver, or kidney disease.
Some modifiable risk factors include exposure to nephrotoxic agents, such as certain antibiotics, heavy metals, or chemotherapy or being exposed to iodinated IV contrast dye during radiology procedures.
