TBL Flashcards
Define gut microbiome
an endocrine organ, arguably the
largest, capable of contributing to and reacting to circulating signaling molecules within the host.
What are the pathways that the Gut microbiota-host interactions occur?
Gut microbiota-host interactions occur through many pathways, including
TMA / TMAO
LPS / LTA
SCFA
What are the dietary nutrients that TMA contains? What are they used as?
phosphatidylcholine, choline, and carnitine, can be used by gut microbes as a carbon source.
How is TMA transported?
TMA thus produced are carried via the portal circulation to the liver, where it is rapidly converted by a family of enzymes
What enzyme is used to convert to TMA to TMA N-oxide?
host hepatic flavin monooxygenases (FMOs)
_____has emerged as a strong microbiome-mediated risk factor for CVD.
trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)
Addition of TMAO to diet of animals has been shown to be_________
pro-atherogenic.
What clinical condition found in the addition of TMA containing compounds in diet of animals?
atherosclerosis
conversion of TMA containing compounds into TMAO and the resultant CVD depend on______
presence of intact gut microbiome
Elimination / suppression of gut microbes by a cocktail of antibiotics resulted_______
no TMAO generation
What happens if the TMAO levels are increased?
poor outcomes in patients with CVDs,
such as coronary artery disease and acute and chronic heart failure
Define gut dysbiosis?
the unhealthy changes to the composition or number of gut bacteria.
Dysbiosis is associated with_________
intestinal inflammation and diminished integrity of the gut barrier
What is the main therapeutic goal of current cardiology?
to develop new approaches to minimize inflammation.
What is NDC and its importance?
Non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) are an important fraction of dietary fiber
