TBL 1: Epithelium, Connective Tissue, and Early Development

Question 1

There are 3 layers of the basement membrane, which is comprised of glycosamino_______ and proteo______ (containing _____ sulfate), glycoproteins, and collagen. The three layers from top to bottom are:

1. Lamina _____ (low density pale zone that contacts the epithelium) is comprised of a network of Type ____ collagen.
2. Lamina _____ (intermediate zone, wider and more electron dense than the layer above) is produced by the epithelium and is comprised of type ____ collagen.
3. ______ Lamina (comprised of type _____ collagen produced by ______ in the connective tissue.)

Answer 1

Glycosaminoglycans

Proteoglycans

Heparan

Lamina Lucida

Type IV

Lamina Densa

Type IV

Reticularis Lamina (Lamina fibroreticularis)

Type III

Fibroblasts

Question 2

_____ _____ epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that line body cavities. These cells comprise the ______, which covers organs and the _____, which lines the heart and blood vessels.

Answer 2

Simple Squamous

Mesothelium

Endothelium

Question 3

_____ ______ epithelium is generally found in tissues specialized for secretion (e.g. salivary glands and thyroid) and diffusion (e.g. kidney tubules). These cells also form _____ acini, which secrete proteins in an isotonic fluid, and _____ acini, which secrete mucins (both types of acini are forms of exocrine glands).

Answer 3

Simple Cuboidal

Serous acini

Mucus acini

Question 4

_____ _____ epithelium lines portions of the GI tract. These cells can contain _______, which are short cellular projections along the apical surface that create vast surface area for secretion and absorption in the stomach and intestines, uterine tubes, and uterus.

Answer 4

Simple Columnar

Microvili

Question 5

_______ epithelium lines the respiratory tract. What kind of columnar cells are in this type of epithelium?

Answer 5

Pseudostratified

Goblet cells that secrete mucus.

Question 6

Non-______ stratified squamous epithelium contains multiple layers of contiguous cuboidal cells covered by several layers of squamous cells. Keep in mind the cells at the surface of this type of epithelium are _____ and contain _____. This epithelium lines the inside of organs (e.g esophagus and vagina).

Answer 6

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Living

Nuclei

Question 7

____ stratified squamous epithelium is comprised of several layers of _____ squamous cells filled with ______ –> this epithelium makes up the epidermis.

Answer 7

Keratinized

Anucleate

Keratin

Question 8

Metastatic cascade of cancers:

1. Detachment –> alteration of intercellular adhesion molecules (i.e. ______).
2. Development of _________ that protrude into and degrade basement membrane via release of proteolytic enzymes.
3. _____ using ameboid-like movement via integrins and signaling proteins that interact with the cytoskeleton of the cells.

Answer 8

Cadherins

Pseudopodia

Migration

Question 9

Loose connective tissue contains fewer cells, fluid, and _____ fibers than dense connective tissue. Dense connective comprises tendons and ligaments, while loose comprises ______ matrix.

Answer 9

Extracellular matrix

Question 10

Antigens bind _____ receptors on Mast cells, which reside around capillaries in vascularized connective tissue. This causes Mast cells to produce and secrete _____, which leads to vasodilation, utricaria, production of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and platelet activating factor.

Answer 10

IgE

Histamine

Question 11

In embryonic development, from the ___-cell stage to the ____- cell stage, the cells are all totipotent (can become any cell type of the embryo and placenta).

Answer 11

2-cell

8-cell

Question 12

At 3 days, the zygote has become a morula, comprised of ___-___ cells, and it resides at the junction of the uterine tube and the uterus.

Answer 12

12-16

Question 13

The uterine simple columnar epithelium secretes fluids that penetrate between cells of the zygote to form the _______. This is comprised of an inner cell mass (which contains pluripotent cells that can become any cell of the ______ ONLY. The outer cell mass is called the _____, which penetrates into the uterine wall at the end of week 1, and eventually becomes the _____.

Answer 13

Blastocyst

Embryo

Trophoblast

Placenta

Question 14

After implantation in week 2, the trophoblast forms fluid-filled _____, which are created from uterine edema. At this point, the embryo becomes a bilaminar germ disc comprised of the _____ (becomes the amniotic cavity filled with fluid from the trophoblastic lacunae) and the ______ (forms the cellular lining of the blastocyst cavity and becomes the ____ ____. Keep in mind it also forms embryonic mesoderm).

Answer 14

Lacunae

Epiblast

Hypoblast

Yolk sac

Question 15

Embryonic period begins in week ___. The _____ is solely responsible for formation of trilaminar germ disc (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm).

Answer 15

Week 3

Epiblast

Question 16

_______ forms the neural tube and the epidermis of the skin. _______ forms the simple columnar epithelium that lines the gut tube. _______ forms the longitudinal columns parallel to the long axis of the germ disc (aka praxial mesoderm). Paraxial mesoderm forms the block-like _____ next to the neural tube, which later become the vertebral column. _______ cells also invade the trophoblastic villi to form the umbilical capillaries.

Answer 16

Ectoderm

Endoderm

Mesoderm

Somites

Mesoderm