TBI/SCI

Question 1

TBI defenition

Answer 1

Occurs when an external, mechanical force impacts the head, characterized by diminished or altered conciousness

Question 2

Peak Periods of incidence for pediatric TBI

Answer 2

Birth-4 yrs and 15-19yrs

Boys 2x more likely

Question 3

Concussion

Answer 3

characterized by altered awareness and loss of memory immediately after traumatic incident

Question 4

Behavioral changes associated with concussions

Answer 4

fatigue, tiredness, change in sleeping patterns
easily distracted
extra clingy to security blanket

Question 5

Contusion

Answer 5

bruising of the crests of giri in cerebral hemispheres following blunt trauma, usually in frontal/temporal lobes

Question 6

Intracranial hemorrhages

Answer 6

Extradural: occur due to a tearing of an artery in the brain
Intradural: subdural or intracerebral

Question 7

Diffuse Axonal Injury

Answer 7

not seen on imaging

usually occurs with rotational injury within cranial vault

Question 8

Secondary brain damage from trauma

Answer 8

cerebral edema
intracranial pressure increase
herniation syndrome
hypoxic-ischemic injury
neurochemical events

Question 9

Other consequences from brain damage

Answer 9

hydrocephalus
seizures
infections
endocrine disorders

Question 10

Autonomic Dysreflexia is a risk if lesion is above ___

Answer 10

T6

Question 11

ASIA impairment scale

Answer 11

Assess myotomes and dermatomes to determine motor and sensory diagnostic level for both left and right side of body, designates complete or incomplete

Question 12

C1-C4 injury mobility/transfers/ADLs implications

Answer 12

Sipping or blowing to independently control power wc, power tilt mechanism and environmental controls,
Dependent for all transfers
Dependent for dressing, bathing, bowel

Question 13

C5 injury mobility/transfers/ADLs implications

Answer 13

Addition of biceps and deltoids
Can propel manual wc for short distances on level surface, power wc for long distance
Able to assist with transfers and bed mobility
Able to assist with feeding, grooming with adaptive equipment, dependent for dressing and bathing

Question 14

C6 injury mobility/transfers/ADLs implications

Answer 14

Addition of pectoralis
Able to independently use manual WC
Ind with self-care with equipment, ind with UE dressing, assist with LE, Ind with bowel program, needs assist with bladder program
Assists with sliding board transfers

Question 15

C7-T1 injury mobility/transfers/ADLs implications

Answer 15

Addition of triceps
Ind propel manual wc on level surface
Ind with adaptive equipment, can drive car with hand controls
Ind transfers with or without sliding board

Question 16

T4-T6 injury mobility/transfers/ADLs implications

Answer 16

Addition of upper abs
Can ambulate with RGOs for short distances with a walker
Ind for grooming, bowel and bladder, dressing and bathing
Ind with transfers

Question 17

T9-T12 injury mobility/transfers/ADLs implications

Answer 17

Addition of lower abs
Household ambulation with RGOs or HKAFOs and assistive device
Ind with grooming, bathing, dressing, bowel and bladder
Ind with transfers

Question 18

L2-L4 injury mobility/transfers/ADLs implications

Answer 18

Addition of gracilis, iliopsoas, and quadratus lumborum
Functional ambulation with KAFOs with crutches
Ind with ADLs and transfers

Question 19

L4-L5 injury mobility/transfers/ADLs implications

Answer 19

Addition of hamstrings, quadriceps and anterior tibialis
Afle to ambulate with AFOs with or without AD
Ind in ADLs and transfers