TBI cog psych assessment Flashcards
The endogeneous system is
Goal directed, focused, top-down, and dorsal
The exogenous system is
shifts when necessary to novel stimuli, bottom-up, ventral, spatial
What part of the brain does the dorsal stream reside in?
fronto-parietal; it overlaps the where is it system
What part of the brain does the ventral stream reside in?
occipital-temporal-frontal, fewer spatial/visual features
What are the two types of declarative memory?
episodic (personal) and semantic (World knowledge)
What parts of the brain are involved in declarative memory?
medial temporal lobe, diencephalon, and neocortex
What part of the brain is responsible for procedural memory?
basal ganglia and cerebellum
What part of the brain is responsible for the perceptual representation system?
perceptual and association neocortex
What type of memory is impaired in patients with amnesia?
explicit/declarative
Technqiues for learning declarative information include
metacognitive techniques, study skills, elaboration, trial and error learning; some declarative memory is left in people with mild or moderate TBI
What are informal assessments of executive functioning?
Asking someone what do they do each day; how much do they get done; how much do they enjoy their day; needs assessment
What are the sites for visual attention?
temporoparietal junction, posterior parietal, superior frontal cortex, ventral prefrontal, superior colliculus, pulvinar of thalmus
What is the site of storage in the phonological loop?
the Left hemisphere’s inferior parietal lobule and Wernicke’s Area
What is the site of rehearsal in the phonological loop?
the left inferior frontal lobe, specifically the left hemisphere’s pre-motor area and Broca’s Area
When HM experienced damage to the medial temporal lobe, this happened:
semantic and episodic memory were intact, but consolidation was not normal
If a person has Alzheimer’s disease, then this happens first
memories from the first 5 years of life go away
What are examples of mindfulness/psychological approaches to use when working with someone w/ TBI?
CBT, acceptance and commitment tx, motivational interviewing
What are some cognitive changes associated with TBI?
issues with memory, intellect, test performance, and attention
What do TBI assessments measure?
orientation, visual processing, attention, memory, abstract reasoning, verbal fluency,
In TBI, what areas of language are impaired and what is preserved?
pragmatics is impaired, but syntax and morphology are preserved
What are formal assessments used for TBI?
Wechsler intellectual scales: FS, VIQ, PIQ;Wechsler Memory Scales; CVLT; Trail Making Test A&B; Digit Vigilance Test; Boston Naming Test; FAS
;SCATBI; SCCAN; Test of Everyday Attention
What formal assessments are administered by psychologists or psychiatrists?
Wechsler intellectual scales and Weschler Memory Scales
What tests for TBI measure orientation and memory?
SCATBI (criterion, perception, and deductive reasoning) and SCCAN (norms, attention, and oral expression)
What assessments are used to measure discourse in patients with TBI?
T-units and number of words; completed cohesive ties; # of T-units in each episode
What is diaschisis?
loss of function of an area of a brain distant to the site of lesion
What are best tx approaches for TBI
providing lots of practice; spreading out practice; constraining errors; use strategies to facilitate more effortful processing (e.g., verbal elaboration and imagery); carefully selecting and training ecologically valid targets; use task analyses when training multistep procedures
What is prospective memory? What does it require?
remembering to perform an action; strong central executive (pre-frontal cortex); attention (anterior cingulate); intention (BA 10, frontal pole); does not involve phono loop or visual sketchpad
