TBI cog psych assessment

Question 1

The endogeneous system is

Answer 1

Goal directed, focused, top-down, and dorsal

Question 2

The exogenous system is

Answer 2

shifts when necessary to novel stimuli, bottom-up, ventral, spatial

Question 3

What part of the brain does the dorsal stream reside in?

Answer 3

fronto-parietal; it overlaps the where is it system

Question 4

What part of the brain does the ventral stream reside in?

Answer 4

occipital-temporal-frontal, fewer spatial/visual features

Question 5

What are the two types of declarative memory?

Answer 5

episodic (personal) and semantic (World knowledge)

Question 6

What parts of the brain are involved in declarative memory?

Answer 6

medial temporal lobe, diencephalon, and neocortex

Question 7

What part of the brain is responsible for procedural memory?

Answer 7

basal ganglia and cerebellum

Question 8

What part of the brain is responsible for the perceptual representation system?

Answer 8

perceptual and association neocortex

Question 9

What type of memory is impaired in patients with amnesia?

Answer 9

explicit/declarative

Question 10

Technqiues for learning declarative information include

Answer 10

metacognitive techniques, study skills, elaboration, trial and error learning; some declarative memory is left in people with mild or moderate TBI

Question 11

What are informal assessments of executive functioning?

Answer 11

Asking someone what do they do each day; how much do they get done; how much do they enjoy their day; needs assessment

Question 12

What are the sites for visual attention?

Answer 12

temporoparietal junction, posterior parietal, superior frontal cortex, ventral prefrontal, superior colliculus, pulvinar of thalmus

Question 13

What is the site of storage in the phonological loop?

Answer 13

the Left hemisphere’s inferior parietal lobule and Wernicke’s Area

Question 14

What is the site of rehearsal in the phonological loop?

Answer 14

the left inferior frontal lobe, specifically the left hemisphere’s pre-motor area and Broca’s Area

Question 15

When HM experienced damage to the medial temporal lobe, this happened:

Answer 15

semantic and episodic memory were intact, but consolidation was not normal

Question 16

If a person has Alzheimer’s disease, then this happens first

Answer 16

memories from the first 5 years of life go away

Question 17

What are examples of mindfulness/psychological approaches to use when working with someone w/ TBI?

Answer 17

CBT, acceptance and commitment tx, motivational interviewing

Question 18

What are some cognitive changes associated with TBI?

Answer 18

issues with memory, intellect, test performance, and attention

Question 19

What do TBI assessments measure?

Answer 19

orientation, visual processing, attention, memory, abstract reasoning, verbal fluency,

Question 20

In TBI, what areas of language are impaired and what is preserved?

Answer 20

pragmatics is impaired, but syntax and morphology are preserved

Question 21

What are formal assessments used for TBI?

Answer 21

Wechsler intellectual scales: FS, VIQ, PIQ;Wechsler Memory Scales; CVLT; Trail Making Test A&B; Digit Vigilance Test; Boston Naming Test; FAS
;SCATBI; SCCAN; Test of Everyday Attention

Question 22

What formal assessments are administered by psychologists or psychiatrists?

Answer 22

Wechsler intellectual scales and Weschler Memory Scales

Question 23

What tests for TBI measure orientation and memory?

Answer 23

SCATBI (criterion, perception, and deductive reasoning) and SCCAN (norms, attention, and oral expression)

Question 24

What assessments are used to measure discourse in patients with TBI?

Answer 24

T-units and number of words; completed cohesive ties; # of T-units in each episode

Question 25

What is diaschisis?

Answer 25

loss of function of an area of a brain distant to the site of lesion

Question 26

What are best tx approaches for TBI

Answer 26

providing lots of practice; spreading out practice; constraining errors; use strategies to facilitate more effortful processing (e.g., verbal elaboration and imagery); carefully selecting and training ecologically valid targets; use task analyses when training multistep procedures

Question 27

What is prospective memory? What does it require?

Answer 27

remembering to perform an action; strong central executive (pre-frontal cortex); attention (anterior cingulate); intention (BA 10, frontal pole); does not involve phono loop or visual sketchpad