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Fire: Departmental Bulletins 4 > TB 90: Fire Burns > Flashcards

TB 90: Fire Burns Flashcards

1
Q

T.B. 90:

STEAM can cause Full Thickness burns to unprotected skin with less than ____ seconds exposure.

A

3 ses.

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2
Q

T.B. 90:

What temperature range will cause Extreme Pain and Full Thickness Burns to all Unprotected Skin?

A

280 - 320 deg. F

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3
Q

T.B. 90:

SECOND Degree Burns can occur with exposure to ONLY ____ degrees.

A

111 degrees

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4
Q

T.B. 90:

SECOND Degree Burns can occur within 20 seconds of exposure to ____ degrees.

A

131 degrees

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5
Q

T.B. 90:

SECOND Degree Burns can occur within 1 second of exposure to ____ degrees.

A

158 degrees

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6
Q

T.B. 90:

______ Burns develop FASTER and are more SEVERE than Dry Heat Burns at the same Temperature due to Latent Heat Transfer.

A

Steam

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7
Q

T.B. 90:

What is the MOST severe type of exposure?

A

Direct Flame Inpingement

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8
Q

T.B. 90:

A Firefighter caught in a FLASHOVER just ___ ft. inside of a Room will be exposed to temperatures of _____ to _____ F, and Direct Flame Impingement for at least ___ seconds.

A

5 ft.

1,000 - 1,500 F

2 sec.

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9
Q

T.B. 90:

BTU - is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of ____ pound of WATER ____ degree Fahrenheit.

A

1 pound

1 degree

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10
Q

T.B. 90:

_________ _______ is the thermal capacity of a SUBSTANCE. It is the number of BTU’s required to raise the temp. of 1 lb of a substance 1 deg. F.

A

Specific Heat

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11
Q

T.B. 90:

The Quantity of heat ABSORBED by a substance when passing between PHASES is known as ________ ______.

A

Latent Heat

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12
Q

T.B. 90:

The transmission, spread or distribution of HEAT through the MOTION of a Heated Fluid is known as what?

A

Convection

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13
Q

T.B. 90:

The PRIMARY heat transfer method within structures is ____________. It is also responsible for the majority of Fire and Smoke SPREAD within structures. Thermal Layering and Mushrooming are explained by understand this concept.

A

Convection

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14
Q

T.B. 90:

The transfer of heat through MATTER without any visible motion of that matter is known as __________.

A

Conduction

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15
Q

T.B. 90:

This is the ONLY method of Heat transfer through SOLID OBJECTS.

A

Conduction.

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16
Q

T.B. 90:

The PRIMARY consideration relative to Conduction is STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY. The transfer of heat from Metal connectors to Wooden structural members, weakening this connections, is a major cause of _________ _________. Especially with ANY type of ______ Construction.

A

Structural Collapse

Truss

17
Q

T.B. 90:

What are the THREE stages in the development of an Interior Fire?

  1. ___________
  2. ___________
  3. ____________
A

Growth

Fully Developed

Decay.

18
Q

T.B. 90:

Synthetic Furnishings burn ___ to ___ times Hotter and Faster than ordinary combustibles making the Time Temperature Curve look more like a Spike.

A

2 to 3

19
Q

T.B. 90:

______ ______ is a sudden sporadic generation of flame mixed with smoke at the upper ceiling level just before FLASHOVER occurs. It is the LAST warning to withdraw from the area.

A

Roll Over

20
Q

T.B. 90:

_______ _________ is the 3rd Flash Phenomenon. It usually occurs after Flashover and is defined as the rapid flame spread over one or more surfaces during a fire.

A

Flame Over

21
Q

T.B. 90:

  • A fire burning within a room or area that is producing a buildup of heated smoke at the upper levels of the structure.
  • Smoke that is increasing in heat density.
  • Rapid banking down of heat and smoke.
  • Fire of significant intensity exposing contents and surrounding areas to Radiant and/or Convective Heat.

These are all WARNING SIGN of what?

A

Flashover

22
Q

T.B. 90:

Flashover Warning Signs may not be apparent in building with Large Unenclosed floor or Attic Spaces and Ceilings ___ to ____ ft. above the Floor or Joist Level.

A

12 to 20 ft.

23
Q

T.B. 90:

When a Fire occurs in a structure with Full Walls and Normal Ceiling Heights of ____ to ____ ft. the Smoke and Heat will quickly accumulate and BANK DOWN indicating the Flashover Danger.

A

8 to 10 ft.

24
Q

T.B. 90:

  • Sickly or Intermittent flame due to reduced oxygen level
  • Smoke being DRAWN past you into the fire area.
  • Heavy Smoke SWIRLING with great force.
  • Flickering Flames in the smoke above you as heavier combustion products suspended in the superheated atmosphere try to ignite.

These are all WARNING SIGNS of what?

A

Smoke Explosion

25
Q

T.B. 90:

Smoke Explosions often occur after unsuccessful ________ and extinguishment operations have been underway for some time. They are SUDDEN and unexpected and can TRAP and BURN Firefighters.

A

Ventilation

26
Q

T.B. 90:

In order for a BACKDRAFT to occur, Oxygen content must fall to ___% - ___%. Explosive products of combustion can be ____ - _____ F.

A

11% - 15%

1,000 - 1,800 F

27
Q

T.B. 90:

  • Smoke ISSUING out of any available structural openings, door jambs, window frames, roof, and attic vents, wall cracks etc.
  • Smoke IGNITING when it rolls into the outside air.
  • Heavy, hot smoke is visible but NO fire cam be seen or heard.
  • Structure appears to be BREATHING or PUFFING smoke.
  • Windows DARKENED due to long exposure to heat, may look like mirrored glass from the outside.
  • Condensation forming on windows.
  • Windows PULSATING or RATTLING from internal pressure.
  • Large plate glass windows may BULGE from pressure.

These are all WARNING SIGNS of what?

A

Backdraft

28
Q

T.B. 90:

The primary DIFFERENCE between Flashover and Backdraft is the amount of _____ present.

A

Air

29
Q

T.B. 90:

A __________ occurs during the First of “Growth” stage of a fire and INITIATES the transition to the Second or “Fully Developed” stage.

A

Flashover

30
Q

T.B. 90:

A __________ occurs during the SMOLDERING or “Decay” stage of the fire and is triggered by the addition of oxygen via a door or window.

A

Backdraft

31
Q

T.B. 90:

Flashover signals the beginning of the Collapse Danger of a fire. Before Flashover occurs the fire is fueled by _________. After Flashover the __________ Elements of the building may begin to burn.

A

Contents

Structural

32
Q

T.B. 90:

  1. Truss construction
  2. URM construction
  3. Cantilever construction
  4. Unprotected Steel construction

These FOUR types of construction present the Greatest Danger to firefighters from _______.

A

Collapse

33
Q

T.B. 90:

If Vertical Ventilation is required, provide a minimum of TWO ladders to every structure and ONE additional ladder for every ____ Member Team on the roof.

A

TWO Member

Fire: Departmental Bulletins 4 (5 decks)

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