TB 90: Fire Burns

Question 1

T.B. 90:

STEAM can cause Full Thickness burns to unprotected skin with less than ____ seconds exposure.

Answer 1

3 ses.

Question 2

T.B. 90:

What temperature range will cause Extreme Pain and Full Thickness Burns to all Unprotected Skin?

Answer 2

280 - 320 deg. F

Question 3

T.B. 90:

SECOND Degree Burns can occur with exposure to ONLY ____ degrees.

Answer 3

111 degrees

Question 4

T.B. 90:

SECOND Degree Burns can occur within 20 seconds of exposure to ____ degrees.

Answer 4

131 degrees

Question 5

T.B. 90:

SECOND Degree Burns can occur within 1 second of exposure to ____ degrees.

Answer 5

158 degrees

Question 6

T.B. 90:

______ Burns develop FASTER and are more SEVERE than Dry Heat Burns at the same Temperature due to Latent Heat Transfer.

Answer 6

Steam

Question 7

T.B. 90:

What is the MOST severe type of exposure?

Answer 7

Direct Flame Inpingement

Question 8

T.B. 90:

A Firefighter caught in a FLASHOVER just ___ ft. inside of a Room will be exposed to temperatures of _____ to _____ F, and Direct Flame Impingement for at least ___ seconds.

Answer 8

5 ft.

1,000 - 1,500 F

2 sec.

Question 9

T.B. 90:

BTU - is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of ____ pound of WATER ____ degree Fahrenheit.

Answer 9

1 pound

1 degree

Question 10

T.B. 90:

_________ _______ is the thermal capacity of a SUBSTANCE. It is the number of BTU’s required to raise the temp. of 1 lb of a substance 1 deg. F.

Answer 10

Specific Heat

Question 11

T.B. 90:

The Quantity of heat ABSORBED by a substance when passing between PHASES is known as ________ ______.

Answer 11

Latent Heat

Question 12

T.B. 90:

The transmission, spread or distribution of HEAT through the MOTION of a Heated Fluid is known as what?

Answer 12

Convection

Question 13

T.B. 90:

The PRIMARY heat transfer method within structures is ____________. It is also responsible for the majority of Fire and Smoke SPREAD within structures. Thermal Layering and Mushrooming are explained by understand this concept.

Answer 13

Convection

Question 14

T.B. 90:

The transfer of heat through MATTER without any visible motion of that matter is known as __________.

Answer 14

Conduction

Question 15

T.B. 90:

This is the ONLY method of Heat transfer through SOLID OBJECTS.

Answer 15

Conduction.

Question 16

T.B. 90:

The PRIMARY consideration relative to Conduction is STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY. The transfer of heat from Metal connectors to Wooden structural members, weakening this connections, is a major cause of _________ _________. Especially with ANY type of ______ Construction.

Answer 16

Structural Collapse

Truss

Question 17

T.B. 90:

What are the THREE stages in the development of an Interior Fire?

1. ___________
2. ___________
3. ____________

Answer 17

Growth

Fully Developed

Decay.

Question 18

T.B. 90:

Synthetic Furnishings burn ___ to ___ times Hotter and Faster than ordinary combustibles making the Time Temperature Curve look more like a Spike.

Answer 18

2 to 3

Question 19

T.B. 90:

______ ______ is a sudden sporadic generation of flame mixed with smoke at the upper ceiling level just before FLASHOVER occurs. It is the LAST warning to withdraw from the area.

Answer 19

Roll Over

Question 20

T.B. 90:

_______ _________ is the 3rd Flash Phenomenon. It usually occurs after Flashover and is defined as the rapid flame spread over one or more surfaces during a fire.

Answer 20

Flame Over

Question 21

T.B. 90:

• A fire burning within a room or area that is producing a buildup of heated smoke at the upper levels of the structure.
• Smoke that is increasing in heat density.
• Rapid banking down of heat and smoke.
• Fire of significant intensity exposing contents and surrounding areas to Radiant and/or Convective Heat.

These are all WARNING SIGN of what?

Answer 21

Flashover

Question 22

T.B. 90:

Flashover Warning Signs may not be apparent in building with Large Unenclosed floor or Attic Spaces and Ceilings ___ to ____ ft. above the Floor or Joist Level.

Answer 22

12 to 20 ft.

Question 23

T.B. 90:

When a Fire occurs in a structure with Full Walls and Normal Ceiling Heights of ____ to ____ ft. the Smoke and Heat will quickly accumulate and BANK DOWN indicating the Flashover Danger.

Answer 23

8 to 10 ft.

Question 24

T.B. 90:

• Sickly or Intermittent flame due to reduced oxygen level
• Smoke being DRAWN past you into the fire area.
• Heavy Smoke SWIRLING with great force.
• Flickering Flames in the smoke above you as heavier combustion products suspended in the superheated atmosphere try to ignite.

These are all WARNING SIGNS of what?

Answer 24

Smoke Explosion

Question 25

T.B. 90:

Smoke Explosions often occur after unsuccessful ________ and extinguishment operations have been underway for some time. They are SUDDEN and unexpected and can TRAP and BURN Firefighters.

Answer 25

Ventilation

Question 26

T.B. 90:

In order for a BACKDRAFT to occur, Oxygen content must fall to ___% - ___%. Explosive products of combustion can be ____ - _____ F.

Answer 26

11% - 15%

1,000 - 1,800 F

Question 27

T.B. 90:

• Smoke ISSUING out of any available structural openings, door jambs, window frames, roof, and attic vents, wall cracks etc.
• Smoke IGNITING when it rolls into the outside air.
• Heavy, hot smoke is visible but NO fire cam be seen or heard.
• Structure appears to be BREATHING or PUFFING smoke.
• Windows DARKENED due to long exposure to heat, may look like mirrored glass from the outside.
• Condensation forming on windows.
• Windows PULSATING or RATTLING from internal pressure.
• Large plate glass windows may BULGE from pressure.

These are all WARNING SIGNS of what?

Answer 27

Backdraft

Question 28

T.B. 90:

The primary DIFFERENCE between Flashover and Backdraft is the amount of _____ present.

Answer 28

Air

Question 29

T.B. 90:

A __________ occurs during the First of “Growth” stage of a fire and INITIATES the transition to the Second or “Fully Developed” stage.

Answer 29

Flashover

Question 30

T.B. 90:

A __________ occurs during the SMOLDERING or “Decay” stage of the fire and is triggered by the addition of oxygen via a door or window.

Answer 30

Backdraft

Question 31

T.B. 90:

Flashover signals the beginning of the Collapse Danger of a fire. Before Flashover occurs the fire is fueled by _________. After Flashover the __________ Elements of the building may begin to burn.

Answer 31

Contents

Structural

Question 32

T.B. 90:

1. Truss construction
2. URM construction
3. Cantilever construction
4. Unprotected Steel construction

These FOUR types of construction present the Greatest Danger to firefighters from _______.

Answer 32

Collapse

Question 33

T.B. 90:

If Vertical Ventilation is required, provide a minimum of TWO ladders to every structure and ONE additional ladder for every ____ Member Team on the roof.

Answer 33

TWO Member