TB Flashcards
The 4 drugs that are used as treatment for TB are
RIPE
- Rifampin/Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazimamide, Ethambutol
Isoniazid is a ______ inhibitor
- Mycolic acid synthesis inhibitor
Dalamanid is a ________ inhibitor and is a 2nd line treatment again MDR-TB and XDR-TB
- Mycolic acid synthesis inhibitor
Ethambutol is a ______ inhibitor
- Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Cycloserine is a _____ inhibitor and is a 2nd line treatment against MDR-TB and XDR-TB
- Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Examples of RNA polymerase inhibitors that are used to treat TB include:
Rifampin/Rifampicin, Rifabutin
Bedequiline is an __________ inhibitor that is used as a second line treatment for MDR-TB and XDR-TB
- ATP synthase inhibitor
Streptomycin, amikacin, and kanamycin are all _____ that are protein synthesis inhibitors used to treat MDR-TB and XDR-TB
- aminoglycosides (bind the 30 S subunit and are bactericidal)
Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin are ___________ and they are DNA synthesis inhibitors
- Fluoroquinolones [(bactericidal and they inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II and IV)]
MDR-TB is resistant to:
- Isoniazid and Rifampin
XDR-TB is resistant to:
- Isoniazid, Rifampin, and 2 classes of 2nd line therapies
TDR-TB is resistant to:
- Isoniazid, Rifampin, and 2 classes of 2nd line therapies AND others
What is the mechanism of action of pyrazimamide?
- proton motive force (the drug becomes trapped inside of the mycobacterium and accumulate based on the higher pH that allows for higher concentrations of the drug to accumulate in the neutral, protonated form
Which 2 drugs are only effective against active TB?
- Isoniazid and ethambutol
Pyrazinamide is effective against _____ TB
- Latent
Which drugs are effective against both active and latent TB?
- Rifampin and rifabutin
Which drugs produce the characteristic orange coloration of skin, urine, feces, saliva, and tears?
- Rifampin and rifabutin
Ethambutol causes what unique side effect?
Optic neuritis (Red-Green color blindness)
Ethambutol inhibits __________ that is important in the synthesis of arabinogalactan
- Arabinosyl-transferase
______ has no significant CYP-associated drug interactions
- Delamanid
Having polymorphisms in the NAT2 gene determine whether or not someone is a fast or slow acetylator. _____ acetylators are at a higher risk for liver damage when taking _______ for active TB
- Slow; Isoniazid
Ethanol should not be consumed when taking this drug
- Isoniazid (CYP2E1)
Mutations in the bacterial genes KatG or InhA confer resistance to _______
- Isoniazid
Do not co-administer bedaquiline and HIV protease/ RT inhibitors with _______ because it reduces its effectiveness by inducing all pharmacologically relevant CYPs
- Rifampin and rifabutin
Nephrotoxicity/ interstitial nephritis is specifically linked to _____ because it is renally cleared
- Rifampin and Rifabutin
Isoniazid and pyrazinamide are associated with ________
- Hepatoxicity
