TB Flashcards
immunocompromised, HIV or AIDS, crowded places (dormitory, nursing home, etc), alcohol addiction, any condition than makes you more immunocompromised
risk factors for TB
droplet nuclei containing tuberculosis bacilli are inhaled and enters the lungs where it travels to the ______, the bacilli multiply in the alveoli and then a small number enter the blood stream and start affection other areas of the body BRAIN, LARYNX, LYMPH NODES, LUNGS, SPINE, BONE , KIDNEYS. these organs and areas are affected too
alveoli
Infectious disease that primarily affects the lung parenchyma
May be transmitted to any organ through the blood (meninges, kidneys, bones and lymph nodes)
Primary infectious agent = Myobacterium tuberculosis
acid fast aerobic rod
grows slow, sensitive to heat and UV light
Tuberculosis
after its been in the blood for 2 to 8 weeks, macrophages will ingest and surround the bacteria, macrophages will develop a barrier shell called a ______ and prevents the BACTERIA FROM MULTIPLYING, THIS IS LATENT TB. if macrophages cant keep it under control, the TB will spread
granuloma
: will have a small amount of TB bacteria in body that are alive, but inactive. does not feel sick, does not have symptoms. can become sick though if their immune system becomes compromised.
LATENT
: large amount of TB in body and is _____. will feel sick.
active TB
will have a normal chest X ray, will have a negative sputum culture. may be treated prophylactic. is not on respiratory isolation. A person with latent TB case will not be identified as a TB case, a positive skin test will be reported but from there it is the Health Department that will decide about classification.
latent
will have an x ray that shows up. will definitely be treated. will be on respiratory isolation.
Active:
In frequent and close contact with an untreated individual
Who are immunocompromised (HIV, chemo)
Living in crowded facilities (prisons, long term care)
From a lower socioeconomic status
Who are homeless
Who are immigrants from countries with a high incidence of TB
common risk factors for TB
Low grade fever, cough, night sweats, fatigue and weight loss
Cough
Non-productive
Mucopurulent sputum may be expectorated
Both systemic and pulmonary symptoms are chronic
May be present for weeks to months
s/s of tb
_________ are like a distinguishing thing about TB apparently
NIGHT SWEATs
progressive fatigue
malaise
anorexia
weight loss
chronic cough (productive)
nigh sweats
hemoptysis
pleuritic chest pain
low grade temp
s/s of tb
Usually present with less pronounced symptoms than younger patients
May have unusual behavior and altered mental status, fever, anorexia and weight loss
Often the ______ will produce no reaction
TB skin test
extraplumonary disease is seen in up to 16% of cases in the US and is where the disease is seen in other areas of the body. this is mostly seen in?
AIDS patients
Complete health history
healthcare worker, travel, crowded conditions
Physical examination
Tuberculin skin test
Chest x-ray
Acid-fast bacillus smear
Sputum culture
diagnostic tools for TB
A TB skin test is also known as a ____ test but there is also a faster _____ test
Mantoux, nucleic acid amplification test
Chest x-ray usually reveals lesions in the upper lobes
Acid-fast bacillus smear contains mycobacteria
Fever, anorexia, weight loss, night sweats, fatigue, cough and sputum production
If the above are present, assess lungs for consolidation by evaluating breath sounds, fremitus and egophony
for a patient with active TB
Mantoux method
Used to determine whether the person has been infected with the TB bacillus
Intracutaneous injection using PPD (purified protein derivative) into the intradermal layer of the inner aspect of the forearm using a tuberculin syringe
Dose = _____
Test is read ______ hours after administration
0.1ml, 48-72
A positive reaction occurs when both _____ and ____ are present
erythema and induration
