Taxpayers Flashcards
According to the 1938 building code, how many square feet must an area inside a taxpayer be in order to require automatic sprinklers?
Greater than 10,000 square feet.
According to the 1968 building code, how many square feet must an area inside a taxpayer be in order to require automatic sprinklers?
Greater than 7,500 square feet.
According to the 2008 building code, when does a taxpayer (full building) require automatic sprinklers?
- area 12,000 feet or greater
- combined area of 24,000 feet or greater
- high piled racks of storage
According to the 2008 building code, when does a taxpayer (occupancy within a building)require automatic sprinklers?
- 7,500 feet or greater
- Area of any size is located three stories above grade
- Area of any size is located within a high rise
- Area of any size contains an unenclosed elevator or escalator
Can you get access to the cockloft by removing the cornice in older taxpayers built from the turn of the century to the 1920s?
Yes.
Can you get access to the cockloft by removing the cornice in taxpayers built from 1920’s-1960’s?
No.
How big can a cockloft be in a Taxpayer?
4 inches to more than 6 feet
True or False?
Trusses can be either wood or steel.
True.
In what types of occupancies are Bow String Trusses usually found?
Older taxpayers such as bowling alleys, supermarkets, auto storage garages, and lumberyards.
What is a physical characteristic that may alert you that a building has a bowstring truss?
Hump like roof profile.
Bowstring trusses may only support ____ of the load they were originally designed to hold?
40%
Can BWSTRG collapse without a fire?
Yes.
Do wood truss roofs sag or become spongy before collapsing?
No, wood trusses snap, steel trusses stretch when losing their strength.
How far are older trusses spaced?
10-20 feet.
How far do open web steel joists span?
Up to 60 feet
Unprotected open web steel are extremely vulnerable to high heat. How fast do they collapse when subjected to high heat?
5-10 minutes
True or False?
Fire in the cockloft can cause the collapse of marquees or canopies due to these structures being connected to combustible structures within the cockloft.
True.
A 50’ steel beam, heated along its length to 970 degrees will extend approximately ____.
4 inches
At 1000 degrees a 100’ long beam will extend approximately ____.
9 1/2 inches
At what temperatures do steel “I” beams begin to soften and fail?
1000-1500 degrees
True or False?
Heated steel I beams will fail and crack if you cool them.
False.
There should be no hesitation in cooling steel i beams, studies have shown that these beams regain their strength when cooled.
Cast Iron columns are unpredictable and fail, on average, in about ___.
30 minutes
Smaller steel I Beams may fail in as little as ____.
30 minutes.
An uncontrolled fire may reach temperatures of 1000-1500 degrees in as little as ____.
5-10 minutes.
Do cellars in taxpayers always conform to the store layout.
Often cellars DO NOT confirm to the store layout.
True or false?
Cellar ceilings in taxpayers are required to be fire retarded.
True.
Often times the plaster covering may be deficient.
What three basic factor are need for both ordinary combustion and backdraft explosions?
- combustibles
- oxygen
- heat
What percent of a room must be filled with combustible gasses in order for a room to become explosive?
25%
What is an effective method of protecting firefighters from the effect of a backdraft?
Opening up the roof directly over the fire area, diverting the gasses away from the fire. If a backdraft does occur after the roof has been vented the explosion will be diverted upward, out of the roof opening, away from firefighters.
True or False?
Horizontal venting prior to opening the roof may increase the chances of a backdraft?
True.
True or False?
It may be beneficial to vent the display windows and allow the combustible gases to ignite in taxpayers prior to entry.
True.
What size should the roof cut in a taxpayer be?
8x8
What is natural ventilation?
Natural ventilation, a result of the openings made in the fire building/area.
What is mechanical ventilation?
Mechanical ventilation, using fans to further assist the ventilation capabilities of the openings in the fire building/area.
The immediate ventilation and cutting of an effective size hole on the roof calls for____ saws and ____ members on the roof.
2 saws, four members
The need for, and use of, ____ ladder companies at a serious taxpayer fire is not unusual
Four ladder companies
True or False?
The Roof Sector supervisor can be a Chief or a company officer as directed by the IC.
True.
True or False?
In Taxpayers a roof usually fails section by section?
True.
In order to utilize a fog tip to ventilate correctly an engine must stand back _____ feet and open up the fog pattern to the size of the ____.
4-5, opening operating thru.
Where should the wind be when cutting a hole in the roof?
At your back.
Which way doe roof joist generally run?
Roof joist generally run the short side of the building.
When it is not possible to cut an 8x8 hole in the roof of a taxpayer, how big should you make the cut.
As big as possible.
When necessary to cut a hole in the floor of the first floor of a taxpayer to alleviate smoke from fire in the cellar, where should the hole be placed?
As close to the windows as possible and away from doorways and aisles.
When extending a vent hole in the floor, how should the additional cuts be made?
At a right angles to the floor joist.
Can members operate on a Bowstring Truss Roof?
No.
At vacant buildings with Bowstring Trusses and at buildings where the trusses are involved in the fire the primary tactical consideration should be _______.
Exterior Operations.
Open web steel joist covered by corrugated steel or Q decking are usually spaced how far apart?
4-6 feet
Can you cut a open web steel joist roof, a gypsum roof, or a Bowstring Truss roof?
No.
How can you recognize a gypsum roof?
When cutting, a gypsum roof will produce a white powdery substance.
When creating a trench cut, the trench should be at least how wide?
3 feet
How heavy is a gypsum roof?
17.5 Lbs per square foot
Does the roof supervisor need permission to start a trench cut?
No, but an immediate notification to the IC is mandatory.
