taxonomy and systematics

Question 1

taxonomy defintion

Answer 1

the naming of species typically associated with the original description of species

Question 2

nomenclature defintion

Answer 2

assignment of a distnctive name to a species

Question 3

taxon/ clade defintion

Answer 3

any grouping of species that share a particular set of characteristics

Question 4

what is an archaea

Answer 4

prokaryotic microbe that lives in extreme environments

Question 5

what is a eubacteria

Answer 5

a true bacteria which are prokaryotic organisms

Question 6

what is a monera

Answer 6

a prokaryotic bacteria and cyanobacteria

Question 7

what is a protista

Answer 7

an eukaryotic single-celled organism

Question 8

what is a fungi

Answer 8

a eukaryotic, multi-cellular organism that have non-motile cells and digest organic matter extracellularly and absorb breakdown products

Question 9

what is an animalia

Answer 9

eukaryotic, multicellular organism that ingest other organisms and have motile cells

Question 10

what is a plantae

Answer 10

eukaryotic, multicellular organism that are photosynthetic and have non-motile cells

Question 11

what is a monophyletic group

Answer 11

it has a single ancestral species and all its descendents

Question 12

what is a polyphyletic group

Answer 12

has species that can be traced back to several ancestral species

Question 13

what is a paraphyletic group

Answer 13

has some but not all species in a lineage

Question 14

homologies defintion

Answer 14

has a resemblanes that results from a common ancestor

Question 15

analogies defintion

Answer 15

has a resemblances that results in a different species under the same evolutionary pressure (convergent evolution)- not used in taxonomy

Question 16

asymmetry defintion

Answer 16

absence of a central point or axis around which the body parts are arranged

Question 17

radial symmetry defintion

Answer 17

one point of reference at the end of the animal that has the mouth and the other is the opposite point of the animal

Question 18

bilateral symmetry

Answer 18

arrangement of the body parts divides an animal into right and left mirror images

Question 19

what is a unicellular organisation

Answer 19

an organism that exists as single cells or aggregates of single cells

Question 20

what is a diplobastic organisaton

Answer 20

its the simplest level of tissue organisation, it has two layers (ectoderm and endoderm), the cell types act independently of each other

Question 21

what does triplobastic organisation contain

Answer 21

ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm

Question 22

what does mesoderm do

Answer 22

it gives raise to connective, supportive and blood cells

Question 23

acoelomate meaning

Answer 23

there is no gap between endoderm and mesoderm

Question 24

pseudocoelomate meaning

Answer 24

there is a body cavity between the endoderm and mesoderm

Question 25

coelomate meaning

Answer 25

there is a body cavity within mesoderm