Taxonomy and Speciation Flashcards
Systematics
Approach to understanding the diversity and evolutionary relationships of organisms
Biodiversity
The variety of organisms and the ecosystems they form
Taxonomy
Ordered division of organisms into characreristics
Observing, Describing, Classifying
Classification
Ordered division of organisms by their relationships
Phylogeny
Evolutionary history of an organism from common ancestors, classifications, fossil records, molecular, behavorial
Adam
First naturalist and classifier
Carolous Linnaes
Father of Modern Taxonomy
Binomial Nomeclature
Genus+ Descriptor ex. Homo Sapien
Species
Unique group of organisms capable of breeding in their natural environment and producing fertile offspring
List -Smallest to Biggest
Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain
3 domains
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
Whitaker’s Plan
Animalea Fungi Plantae Domain Bacteria Protista
Anagenesis
Single species evolves into different species
Cladogenesis
Species diverges into two or more species
Monophyletic
Group of species consisting of most recent common ancestor and all descendants
Paraphyletic
Contains common ancestor and some but not all descendants
Polyphyletic
Group of species consisting of species with different common ancestors
Phenetic Aproach to Sysyematics
Based on the number of shared characteristics. Does not distinguish between shared ancestors. (Uses Molecular Data)
Evolutionary Systematic approach
Uses phenetic similarity and shared ancestrial characteristics (Both Monophyletic and Paraphyletic)
Cladistics
Based on recent common ancestry. Characteristics can be structural, behavioral, molecular. (Monophyletic)
