Taxonomy Flashcards
What is binomial system?
naming system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing genus and species.
List the order of taxonomy.
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
What are the five kingdoms?
Animals, plants, fungi, protoctists, prokaryotes
Name all the phylums and class that belongs to each phylum from kingdom animals
-
vertebrates
- fish
- reptiles
- birds
- amphibians
- mammals
-
arthropods
- crustaceans
- insects
- myriapods
- arachnids
- nematodes
- annelids
- molluscs
What are Vertebrates?
Animals with a back bone.
Features of class fish.
- wich scaly skin
- have gills
- have fins
- all live in water except mudskipper, which can spend short time breathing air
- ectothermic/poikilothermic
Sharks are fish, whales are mammals.
Features of class amphibians.
Examples?
- moist skin, scale-less
- eggs laid in water
- adult often on land, larva often in water
- larva has gills, adult has lungs
- ectothermic/poikilothermic
Examples: frogs, toads, salamanders
Features of class reptiles.
Examples?
- with scaly skin
- lay eggs with rubbery shells
- which is waterproof that stops from drying out
- ectothermic/poikilothermic
Examples: crocodiles, lizards, snakes, turtles, tortoises
Features of class birds.
- with feathers
- forelimbs become wings
- lay eggs with hard shells
- have a beak
- endothermic/homeothermic
Features of class mammals.
- with hair
- have a placenta
- young feed on milk from mammary gland
- have a diaphragm
- heart has four chambers
- have different types of teeth
- cerebal hemisphere are very well developed
- endothermic/homeothermic
Whales are mammals, sharks are fish.
List examples of:
· viruses
· bacteria
· fungi
- HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
- Neisseria bacterium
- mucor (bread mould), mushroom, toadstools. yeast
Benifical functions of bacteria?
- making yoghurt, cheese
- useful roles in carbon and nitroge cycles
- in treatment of sewage
- making insulin
How do bacteria take in nutrients?
- absorbs nutrients from surroundings
- OR by photosynthesis
Structure of bacteria?
- no nucleus, only strains of DNA
- cell walls not made of cellulose
Advantage and disadvantage of fungi.
- Advantages:
- food (mushrooms)
- making alcohol and bread (yeast)
- obtaining antibiotics (penicillin)
- Disadvantages:
- cause food decay
- diseases: ringworm, athlete’s foot
How do fungi take in nutrients?
feed on organic materials, e.g. faeces, human food, dead plants or animals
Structure of fungi?
- have nuclei, cell walls
- don’t have chlorophyll
Structure of viruse?
have only RNA surrounded by protein molecules, which gives protection
Features of phylum flowering plants.
- have roots, stems, leaves
- have xylem and phloem
- reproduce by producing seeds
- seeds produced inside ovary, inside flower
Features of Monocotyledonous (monocots).
Examples?
- have strap-shaped leaves with parallel veins
- have one cotyledon inside each seed
- number of petals in multiples of 3
Example: corn
Features of dicotyledonous (dicots).
Examples?
- have leaves with branching veins
- have two cotyledons inside each seed
- number of petals in multiples of 4 or 5
Example: pea
Features of phylum arthropods
- several parts of jointed legs, no backbone
- waterproof exoskeleton
- exoskeleton containing calcium salts
- allows them to live on dry land
more than all the other kinds of animals put together
Features of class crustaceans
Examples?
- more than four pairs of jointed legs
- not millipedes 千足虫 or centipedes 蜈蚣
- breathe with gills
- most live in dry place, many are aquatic
crabs, lobsters 龙虾, woodlice 潮虫
Features of class arachnids
Examples?
- with four pairs of jointed legs
- breath through gills called book lungs
spiders, ticks 壁虱, scorpions 蝎子
Features of class insects
Examples?
- three pairs of jointed legs
- two pairs of wings
- breathe through tracheae
locust 蝗虫, moth
Features of class myriapods
Examples?
- body consists of many segments
- each segment has jointed legs
centipedes, millipedes
Features of phylum annelids
Examples?
- animals with bodies made up of ring-like segments
- most live in water, some live in moist soil
earthwarm
Features of phylum molluscs
Examples?
- animals with soft, unsegmented bodies
- may have a shell
snails, slugs 蛞蝓
Features of phylum nematodes
Examples?
- animals with long, thin, unsegmented bodies
- usually white, long, thin
nematode
