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IGCSE Biology > Taxonomy > Flashcards

Taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is binomial system?

A

naming system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing genus and species.

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2
Q

List the order of taxonomy.

A
  1. Kingdom
  2. Phylum
  3. Class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. Species
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3
Q

What are the five kingdoms?

A

Animals, plants, fungi, protoctists, prokaryotes

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4
Q

Name all the phylums and class that belongs to each phylum from kingdom animals

A
  • vertebrates
    • fish
    • reptiles
    • birds
    • amphibians
    • mammals
  • arthropods
    • crustaceans
    • insects
    • myriapods
    • arachnids
  • nematodes
  • annelids
  • molluscs
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5
Q

What are Vertebrates?

A

Animals with a back bone.

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6
Q

Features of class fish.

A
  • wich scaly skin
  • have gills
  • have fins
  • all live in water except mudskipper, which can spend short time breathing air
  • ectothermic/poikilothermic​

Sharks are fish, whales are mammals.

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7
Q

Features of class amphibians.

Examples?

A
  • moist skin, scale-less
  • eggs laid in water
  • adult often on land, larva often in water
  • larva has gills, adult has lungs
  • ectothermic/poikilothermic​

Examples: frogs, toads, salamanders

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8
Q

Features of class reptiles.

Examples?

A
  • with scaly skin
  • lay eggs with rubbery shells
    • which is waterproof that stops from drying out
  • ectothermic/poikilothermic

Examples: crocodiles, lizards, snakes, turtles, tortoises

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9
Q

Features of class birds.

A
  • with feathers
  • forelimbs become wings
  • lay eggs with hard shells
  • have a beak
  • endothermic/homeothermic
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10
Q

Features of class mammals.

A
  • with hair
  • have a placenta
  • young feed on milk from mammary gland
  • have a diaphragm
  • heart has four chambers
  • have different types of teeth
  • cerebal hemisphere are very well developed
  • endothermic/homeothermic

Whales are mammals, sharks are fish.

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11
Q

List examples of:

· viruses

· bacteria

· fungi

A
  • HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
  • Neisseria bacterium
  • mucor (bread mould), mushroom, toadstools. yeast
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12
Q

Benifical functions of bacteria?

A
  • making yoghurt, cheese
  • useful roles in carbon and nitroge cycles
  • in treatment of sewage
  • making insulin
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13
Q

How do bacteria take in nutrients?

A
  • absorbs nutrients from surroundings
  • OR by photosynthesis
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14
Q

Structure of bacteria?

A
  • no nucleus, only strains of DNA
  • cell walls not made of cellulose
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15
Q

Advantage and disadvantage of fungi.

A
  • Advantages:
    • food (mushrooms)
    • making alcohol and bread (yeast)
    • obtaining antibiotics (penicillin)
  • Disadvantages:
    • cause food decay
    • diseases: ringworm, athlete’s foot
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16
Q

How do fungi take in nutrients?

A

feed on organic materials, e.g. faeces, human food, dead plants or animals

17
Q

Structure of fungi?

A
  • have nuclei, cell walls
  • don’t have chlorophyll
18
Q

Structure of viruse?

A

have only RNA surrounded by protein molecules, which gives protection

19
Q

Features of phylum flowering plants.

A
  • have roots, stems, leaves
  • have xylem and phloem
  • reproduce by producing seeds
  • seeds produced inside ovary​, inside flower
20
Q

Features of Monocotyledonous (monocots).

Examples?

A
  • have strap-shaped leaves with parallel veins
  • have one cotyledon inside each seed
  • number of petals in multiples of 3

Example: corn

21
Q

Features of dicotyledonous (dicots).

Examples?

A
  • have leaves with branching veins
  • have two cotyledons inside each seed
  • number of petals in multiples of 4 or 5

Example: pea

22
Q

Features of phylum arthropods

A
  • several parts of jointed legs, no backbone
  • waterproof exoskeleton
    • exoskeleton containing calcium salts
    • allows them to live on dry land

more than all the other kinds of animals put together

23
Q

Features of class crustaceans

Examples?

A
  • more than four pairs of jointed legs
  • not millipedes 千足虫 or centipedes 蜈蚣
  • breathe with gills
  • most live in dry place, many are aquatic

crabs, lobsters 龙虾, woodlice 潮虫

24
Q

Features of class arachnids

Examples?

A
  • with four pairs of jointed legs
  • breath through gills called book lungs

spiders, ticks 壁虱, scorpions 蝎子

25
Q

Features of class insects

Examples?

A
  • three pairs of jointed legs
  • two pairs of wings
  • breathe through tracheae

locust 蝗虫, moth

26
Q

Features of class myriapods

Examples?

A
  • body consists of many segments
  • each segment has jointed legs

centipedes, millipedes

27
Q

Features of phylum annelids

Examples?

A
  • animals with bodies made up of ring-like segments
  • most live in water, some live in moist soil

earthwarm

28
Q

Features of phylum molluscs

Examples?

A
  • animals with soft, unsegmented bodies
  • may have a shell

snails, slugs 蛞蝓

29
Q

Features of phylum nematodes

Examples?

A
  • animals with long, thin, unsegmented bodies
  • usually white, long, thin

nematode

IGCSE Biology (3 decks)

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