Taxonomy Flashcards
taxonomy
classifying and giving each organism a universal name
classify/classification
to categrize or put into groups
dichotomous key
tool used to identify organisms. At each step, it splits characteristics into two categories: “has” or “does not have”
domain
3 largest taxonomic categories – larger than a kingdom (Eubacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea)
kingdom
large taxonomic group (Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria)
phylum
a group of closely related classes (for example: Chordata, Mollusca, Porifera, etc)
class
a group of closely related orders
order
a group of closely related families (for example: Order Carnivora - animals that eat meat)
family
a group of closely related genera (for example: Family Felidae (cats) or Family Canidae (dogs))
genus
a group of closely related species. The first part of a scientific name. Always capitalized (example: Homo in Homo sapiens)
species
a group of similar organisms that can interbreed and have fertile offspring. The second part of a scientific name. Always lower case. (example: sapiens in Homo sapiens)
binomial nomenclature
2-name scientific naming that uses Latin, developed by Carolus Linneaus. (example: Homo sapiens - humans or Panthera tigris - tiger)
Archaebacteria
single-celled prokaryote (no nucleus), bacteria, live in harsh conditions (very salty, no oxygen, very hot), ancient form of life. (Remember: harsh=Arch)
Eubacteria
single-celled prokaryote (no nucleus), bacteria, advanced bacteria, live all around us, many are germs
Protista
single or multicellular, eukaryotes (have nucleus), live in pond water, can move, some are photosynthetic
Fungi
single or multicellular, eukaryotes (have nucleus), heterotrophs (eat others), cell walls of chitin, can’t move (non-mobile)
Plantae
multicellular, eukaryotes, photosynthetic, cell walls of cellulose, non-motile (can’t move)
Animalia
multicellular, eukaryotes, heterotrophs, no cell walls, can move (motile or mobile)
traits
features, qualities or characteristics
characteristics
features, qualities or traits
Prokaryotes
cells that have NO nucleus or organelles, have ribosomes
Eukaryotes
have a nucleus, organelles, and ribosomes
symmetry
when split in half, each side is a mirror image of the other
cellulose
sugar molecule in plant cell walls
chitin
sugar molecule found in fungi cell walls
cell wall
strong layer outside the cell membrane
multicellular
more than one cell
unicellular
one cell
related/relationship
link or connection
