Taxonomy

Question 1

What are the seven levels of classification from most broad to most specific?

Answer 1

1. ) Kingdom
2. )Phylum
3. )Class
4. )Order
5. )Family
6. )Genus
7. )Species

Question 2

What are the 5 kingdom classification?

Answer 2

Monera 
Protista 
Plantae
Fungi 
Animalia

Question 3

Monera

Answer 3

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 4

Protista

Answer 4

Eukaryotic, single celled organisms

Question 5

Plantae

Answer 5

Any plant, living or extinct

Question 6

Fungi

Answer 6

Taxonomic kingdom including yeast, molds,smuts, mushrooms, and toadstools; distinct from the green plants

Question 7

Animalia

Answer 7

Any animal, living or extinct

Question 8

Archaea

Answer 8

Classes with eubacteria, archaea are now recognized as a third and separate brach of the phylogenetic tree, with the other two beaches being eubacteria and eukaryota.

Question 9

Thermophiles

Answer 9

Archaea that can survive the extreme high temperatures found in hot springs or near undersea volcanic vents.

Question 10

Mesophilic

Answer 10

Archaea prefer to survive in mild or moderate temperatures.

Question 11

Psychrophiles

Answer 11

are Archaea that prefer extremely cold temperatures such as those found in the arctic.

Question 12

Halophiles

Answer 12

are Archaea that thrive in high salt concentrations.

Question 13

Alkaliphiles

Answer 13

are Archaea that truces in basic environments.

Question 14

Acidophiles

Answer 14

are Archaea that thrives in acidic environment.

Question 15

Lithotrophs

Answer 15

are Archaea that can use sulfur, methane, nitrogen, and ammonia for energy sources.

Question 16

Phototrophs

Answer 16

Can use metabolize sunlight to produce energy.

Question 17

Methanogens

Answer 17

Form methane , anaerobic environment.

Question 18

(bacteria)

Gram-positive

Answer 18

bacteria stain purple because they absorb the purple stain applied to them.

Question 19

(bacteria)

Gram-negative

Answer 19

bacteria stain pink because they do not absorb the purple stain, but instead absorb the red counter-stain.

Question 20

(bacteria)

Peptidoglycan

Answer 20

Also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of bacteria (bit not Archaea), forming the cell wall.

Question 21

Pilus

Answer 21

Bacterial pili are involved in cell adhesion. Specialized structures (called sex pili) have an important role in conjugation with another bacterial cell to exchange genetic information.

Question 22

NAMs and NAGs

Answer 22

The alternating units of the bacterial cell wall.

Question 23

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Answer 23

Also known as lipoglycans, are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide. LPS is found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and acts as endotoxins to elicit strong immune responses in animals.

Question 24

(Kingdom Protista)

Sarcomastigophora

Answer 24

Includes sarcodines (using pseudopodia) and zoo flagellates (use flagella and absorb food through the cell membrane) 
Ex: Amoeba proteus and Trypanosoma

Question 25

Parts of Amoeba

Answer 25

Plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, pseudopodia, contractile vacuole , food vacuole.

Question 26

Trypanosoma

Answer 26

a parasitic zooflagellate that causes ( African Sleeping Sickness)

Question 27

Ciliophora

Answer 27

Characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia Ex: Paramecium caudatum

Question 28

Parts of a Paramecium

Answer 28

Oral cavity,pellicle, cilia, contractile vacuoles (2), macronucleus, micronucleus

Question 29

Apicomplexa

Answer 29

Possess a unique organelle called APICOPLAST and APICAL COMPLEX structure involved in penetrating a hosts cell. Lack specialized locomotion structures also lack organelles for taking in and digesting food EX: Plasmodium Vivax