Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Taxonomy > Flashcards

Taxonomy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the science of biological classification called?

A

Taxonomy

Taxonomy involves arranging living things into groups based on common characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who introduced the system of naming organisms?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

Linnaeus was a Swedish naturalist known for developing the binomial nomenclature system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List three reasons for the classification of living things.

A
  • To put every living organism into a systematic order
  • For easy identification of similar living things
  • To indicate the relationship between different categories of living organisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the traditional tools for classification of living things?

A
  • Morphology
  • Anatomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the modern tools for classification of living things?

A
  • Sequence of amino acids in protein
  • Sequence of bases in DNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the highest taxonomic group that includes closely related phyla?

A

Kingdom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a phylum in biological classification?

A

A group of closely related classes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the smallest unit of classification?

A

Species

Species are groups of organisms that can interbreed freely to produce fertile offspring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does binomial nomenclature consist of?

A

Two parts: genus name (capitalized) and species name (lowercase).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or False: In binomial nomenclature, both names are italicized when printed.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the five kingdoms in the five-kingdom classification.

A
  • Kingdom Monera
  • Kingdom Protista
  • Kingdom Fungi
  • Kingdom Plantae
  • Kingdom Animalia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of cells do prokaryotes have?

A

Cells without organized nuclei.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

A

They have a true nucleus with a nuclear envelope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the mode of nutrition for autotrophic organisms?

A

They produce their own food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an example of a virus?

A

Poxvirus

Viruses are not classified in the five kingdoms due to their unique characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the general characteristic of organisms in Kingdom Monera?

A

They are unicellular prokaryotes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do bacteria lack?

A

A true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

By binary fission.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the main feature of Kingdom Protista?

A

Eukaryotic unicellular organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the two main phyla in Kingdom Protista?

A
  • Protophyta
  • Protozoa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a unique feature of Euglena?

A

It has both plant-like and animal-like characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a characteristic of fungi?

A

They are eukaryotic and can be saprophytic or parasitic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the cell wall of fungi made of?

A

Chitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the economic importance of fungi?

A
  • Decomposers
  • Antibiotics production
  • Used in fermentation processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What defines vascular plants?

A

Plants with specialized tissues for transporting water and nutrients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are non-vascular plants lacking?

A

Specialized tissues for conducting water and nutrients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are examples of non-vascular plants?

A
  • Thallophyta (e.g., algae)
  • Bryophyta (e.g., mosses)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a defining feature of Pteridophytes?

A

They produce spores instead of seeds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What type of organisms are classified under Kingdom Fungi?

A

Eukaryotic organisms that are saprophytic or parasitic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are examples of pteridophytes?

A

Ferns, such as Dryopteris, Felimas, and water fern

Other examples include clubmosses like Lycopodium and Selaginella, and horsetails such as Psilotum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the key characteristics of pteridophytes?

A
  • Horizontal stems called rhizomes
  • Clear alternation of generation with a dominant sporophyte
  • Produce spores instead of seeds
  • True roots, stems, and leaves
  • Multicellular and vascular green plants
32
Q

What is the life cycle of ferns characterized by?

A

A clear alternation of generations with a dominant sporophyte

33
Q

What term describes the horizontal stems of ferns?

A

Rhizomes

34
Q

What are fronds in relation to ferns?

A

The leaves of ferns

35
Q

What distinguishes spermatophytes from other plants?

A

They are seed-producing plants with well-developed roots, stems, and leaves

36
Q

What are the two main groups of spermatophytes?

A
  • Gymnosperms
  • Angiosperms
37
Q

What are general characteristics of gymnosperms?

A
  • Mostly evergreen trees and shrubs
  • Do not bear flowers
  • Do not produce fruits
  • Naked seeds borne on cones
38
Q

What are examples of gymnosperms?

A

Pines, cycads, ginkgos, conifers, and Cnetales

39
Q

What are the general characteristics of angiosperms?

A
  • Produce flowers
  • Fruits develop from ovaries
  • Seeds enclosed in fruits
  • Reproduce sexually
40
Q

Angiosperms are divided into which two categories?

A
  • Monocotyledons
  • Dicotyledons
41
Q

Fill in the blank: Monocotyledons have _______ seed leaf.

A

one

42
Q

Fill in the blank: Dicotyledons have _______ seed leaves.

A

two

43
Q

What type of body symmetry do most animals in the animal kingdom exhibit?

A

Bilateral symmetry

44
Q

What are the three germ layers in most animals?

A
  • Ectoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Endoderm
45
Q

What is the classification of animals based on body cavity?

A
  • Acoelomates: no body cavity
  • Pseudocoelomates: false body cavity
  • Coelomates: true body cavity
46
Q

What are the two main groups of the animal kingdom?

A
  • Invertebrates
  • Vertebrates
47
Q

What are the characteristics of phylum Porifera?

A
  • Aquatic animals
  • Have pores and canals
  • Filter food from water
  • Mostly hermaphrodites
48
Q

What is the body structure of coelenterates?

A

Hollow cavities with two layers of cells (ectoderm and endoderm)

49
Q

What distinguishes flatworms from other animal groups?

A

They have narrow, flattened bodies and a single opening digestive system

50
Q

What are the characteristics of phylum Nematoda?

A
  • Long, slender, round bodies
  • Bilaterally symmetrical
  • Gut with two openings
51
Q

What defines phylum Annelida?

A

Segmented bodies with true body cavities

52
Q

What is the distinguishing feature of mollusks?

A

Soft unsegmented bodies usually enclosed in shells

53
Q

What are the key characteristics of echinoderms?

A
  • Marine animals
  • Spiny exoskeletons
  • Radially symmetrical
  • No head or brain
54
Q

What is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom?

A

Phylum Arthropoda

55
Q

What are the classes within phylum Arthropoda?

A
  • Insecta
  • Arachnida
  • Crustacea
  • Myriapoda
56
Q

What are the characteristics of vertebrates?

A
  • Backbone or vertebral column
  • Brain and spinal cord
  • Bilaterally symmetrical
  • Triploblastic
57
Q

What are the classes of sub-phylum Craniata?

A
  • Pisces
  • Amphibia
  • Reptilia
  • Aves
58
Q

What is a key feature of class Pisces?

A
  • Possession of fins for movement
59
Q

What type of eggs do reptiles lay?

A

Leathery-covered eggs

60
Q

Fill in the blank: Birds are _______ animals.

A

homoiothermic

61
Q

What are the characteristics of the class Aves?

A

Homoiothermic animals, bodies covered by feathers, wings for flight, beaks for feeding, lack teeth, 4-chambered heart for double circulation, rigid and hollow bones with air sacs, lay hard-shelled eggs, sexual reproduction with internal fertilization, show parental care, scales on legs.

Examples include parrots, hawks, pigeons, domestic fowl, ducks, eagles, sparrows, etc.

62
Q

What is the term for animals that maintain a constant body temperature?

A

Homoiothermic

63
Q

What type of eggs do birds lay?

A

Hard-shelled eggs

64
Q

In birds, what type of heart do they possess?

A

4-chambered heart

65
Q

What is the main function of feathers in birds?

A

Insulation

66
Q

True or False: Birds have teeth.

A

False

67
Q

What is the significance of the rigid and hollow bones in birds?

A

They make them light during flight

68
Q

What type of reproduction do birds exhibit?

A

Sexual reproduction

69
Q

What do birds lack in their feeding mechanism?

A

Teeth

70
Q

What are the characteristics of the class Mammalia?

A

Homoiothermic animals, skin covered with hair, heterodont dentition, lungs for gaseous exchange, presence of external ear (Pinna), presence of mammary glands, viviparous, 4-chambered heart for double circulation, sexual reproduction with internal fertilization, diaphragm, well-developed brain, show parental care.

Examples include whales, bats, dolphins, humans, elephants, pigs, goats, etc.

71
Q

What type of dentition is found in mammals?

A

Heterodont dentition

72
Q

What is the role of mammary glands in mammals?

A

To produce milk

73
Q

What type of heart do mammals possess?

A

4-chambered heart

74
Q

True or False: Mammals are oviparous.

A

False

75
Q

Fill in the blank: Mammals have _______ for gaseous exchange.

A

Lungs

76
Q

What is the significance of the diaphragm in mammals?

A

It aids in respiration

77
Q

What type of care do mammals show for their young?

A

Parental care

Biology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions