Taxonomy Flashcards
What are the two types of fungi?
Non-filamentous (unicellular) & Filamentous (multicellular)
What kind of fungi is non-filamentous?
Yeast
Yeasts utilize what kind of respiration?
Facultative anaerobe
What is a saprophyte?
Decomposer (fungi are examples)
What kind of fungi are filamentous?
Molds
Filamentous fungi use what kind of respiration?
Aerobic
What is a mycelium?
Network made up of hyphae (roots)
Mycelium have two types of hyphae
Coenocytic hyphae (multinucleated and no division)
Septate hyphae (cell walls separate hyphae)
What is haustoria?
Parasitic hyphae that penetrate cell walls
What is the first plant classification based on and what are the types?
Differentiated Body Parts
No - Thallocyte (algae)
Yes - Bryophytes/Tracheophytes
What is the second plant classification based on and what are the types?
Vascular System
No - Bryophytes (grow horizontal: mosses, rhizoids)
Yes - Tracheophytes (grow vertical: have xylem and phloem)
Xylem transports water and minerals from roots (bottom of alphabet)
Phloem transports food from photosynthesis
What is the third classification of plants based on?
**Seed formation **
Seedless tracheophytes (ferns)
Seed-bearing tracheophytes
What is the fourth classification of plants based on and what are they called?
Flowers
No - Gymnosperm (naked seeds - Conifers)
Yes - Angiosperm (seeds inside fruits)
What are two types of angiosperms?
Monocots
* one primitive leaf (cotyledon)
* flower parts in multiples of 3s.
* parallel veins
Dicots
* have 2 primitive leaves
* net-like veins
* flower parts in multiples of 4s & 5s
Which phylum belongs to parazoa?
Porifera (sponges)
Which is the only diploblastic phylum in the animal kingdom?
Cnidaria (jelly fish, coral and hydras)
What three phyla are protosomes?
Annelida (leeches & earthworms)
Mollusca (octopus, squids, slugs and clams)
Arthropoda (insects, spiders, crustaceans)
What are the two deuterostome phyla?
Echinodermata (stargish, cucumbers, sea urchin)
Chordata (reptiles, birds, fish, amphibians, mammals)
Which phyla uses protonephridia excretion system?
Platyhelminthes (tape/flat worms)
Protonephridia uses a collection of flame cells that function as a kidney to excrete.
Which phyla exhibit cephalization?
- Platyhelminthes (tape/flat worms)
- Rotiferia (microscopic animals)
- Annelida (leeches & earthworms)
- Mollusca (only gastropods -snails/slugs & cephalopods - octopi/squids)
- Arthropoda (insects/spiders/crustaceans)
- Chordata
Which phyla use the metanephridia
Annelida (leeches, earthworms)
Mollusca (otopus, squid, slugs, clams)
Which phyla have an organ of Bojanus
Mollusca
Which animals have 2 chambered hearts?
Fish
Which animals have three chambered hearts?
- Amphibians
- Reptiles (except alligators and crocs)
Which animals have four chambered hearts?
- Mammals
- Birds
- Crocs & Alligators
Which phyla use hemolymph in their circulatory system?
Arthropoda
Which phyla have open circulatory systems? (3)
- Arthropoda
- Echinodermata
- Mollusca (bivalves and gastropods only)
Which phyla have closed circulatory systems? (3)
- Annelida
- Mollusca (cephalopods only)
- Chordata
Which phyla have complete digestive systems? (7)
- Nematoda
- Rotiferia
- Annelida
- Arthropoda
- Mollusca
- Echinodermata
- Chrodata
What key features charaterize chordata
- Notochord
- Dorsal hollow nerve cord
- Pharyngeal slits
- Post-anal tail
What is the difference in antenanae between the arthopods?
Insects - 1 pair
Crustaceans - 2 pairs
Arachnids - 0 pair
