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Tax Flashcards

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1
Q

Historical Rehabilitation Credit Keys

A

$200,000 AGI phaseout

Credit is $25,000

Calculate by multiplying the $25,000 credit by the clients tax rate

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2
Q

Low income housing credit keys

A

Tax credit of $25,000

Multiply $25,000 by clients tax rate

No phaseout

Can be used annually for 10 years

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3
Q

Public charity keys

A

50% organizations

All churches, schools, hospitals, public charities

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4
Q

Private charity keys

A

30% organizations

Private foundations, fraternal orders, war veteran organizations

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5
Q

How much can a taxpayer deduct for CASH gifts to a public charity?

A

No more than 60% of AGI

Excess is carried forward as itemized deduction

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6
Q

What are examples of ordinary income property?

A 
Inventory
A copyright 
Use unrelated property
Work of art created by taxpayer
Short term capital gain property
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7
Q

What are always presumed to be use related property?

A

Stock and real estate

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8
Q

What is the charitable deduction for gifts of short term capital gains property?

A

Limited to the donated properties BASIS and 50% of AGI

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9
Q

What tax form do c corps report charitable donations?

A

1120

NOT schedule C

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10
Q

If someone is claiming the standard deduction, will they have an AMT problem?

A

No-they are not itemizing and there are no AMT preference or add back items

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11
Q

What is percentage depletion?

A

Excess depletion over the properties adjusted basis

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12
Q

What are NOT add back items for AMT?

A 
Medical expenses
Qualified residence interest
Investment interest 
Charitable deductions
Casualty/gambling loss
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13
Q

What depletion is allowed for AMT?

A

Percentage- triggers AMT bc it is accelerated

Cost-NOT an AMT preference item

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14
Q

What is a 1244?

A

Allows loss of 100k for joint and 50k for single to be considered ordinary loss not capital loss

Question must specify company is a 1244 company

Requirements for company:
S or c corp
Originally capitalized with no more than $100M

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15
Q

If you sell your home and the exclusion covered the whole gain, do you need to file a tax form?

A

No, there is no gain

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16
Q

Can taxpayers do both the 121 exclusion and the 1031 like-kind exchange?

A

Yes-if the requirements are satisfied

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17
Q

Where is the recognized gain for a sale of a home reported?

A

Schedule D as capital gain

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18
Q

What is a code section 121?

A

Single-250k
MFJ-500k

Allows for exclusion from income, gains on sale of home

Must have owned and used home for 2 out of 5 year period immediately preceding homes date of sale

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19
Q

What is a 179 deduction?

A

Business may expense up to 1,080,000 of qualifying property in the year if acquisition

Qualifying prop-1245 prop

CANNOT create a loss with this

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20
Q

MACRS Tables

A

MACRS. SL
Recovery Yr. 1. 2. 1. 2
1. 20%. 14.29%. 10%. 7.14%
2 32%.24.49%. 20%. 14.29%

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21
Q

Tax forms for a S corp

A

Filing-1120S
Employee-W-2
Distribution- K-1 (unearned)

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22
Q

Tax forms for a partnership

A

Filing- 1065
Employee- W-2
Distributions- K-1

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23
Q

Tax forms for self employed

A

Filing- schedule C
Employee- schedule C
Distributions- NA

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24
Q

Tax forms for a corporation

A

Filing-1120
Employee-W-2
Distributions- 1099

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25
Q

Key components of FIFO and LIFO

A

FIFO
Increased earnings
Greater tax liability
Current cost inventory

LIFO
reduced earnings
Deferral of taxes
Understated inventory

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26
Q

Are entertainment expenses deductible?

A

No

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27
Q

Do S corps pay self employment tax?

A

No

Salary paid by an s corp is subject to FICA NOT self employment tax

Excess earnings are treated as K-1 NOT self employment

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28
Q

What is the basis for a partnership?

A

Cash contributed by parter
Direct loans made by partner
Partnership debt

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29
Q

What is the basis for a LLC?

A

Cash contributed by partner
Direct loans made by partner
Partnership debt

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30
Q

What is the basis for a s corp?

A

Cash contributed by shareholder
Direct loans made by shareholder
NOT loans by 3rd party

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31
Q

How are losses allowed in a s corp?

A

Only up to basis

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32
Q

What is form 1041

A

Estates and trusts

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33
Q

At what income is an individual required to file if the net earnings from self employment reach this level?

A

$400

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34
Q

What is the 1040A

A

Used before 2018 to report simple income

Could not itemize on this

35
Q

What is the penalty for a frivolous tax return?

A

$5,000

36
Q

What is the payment for under penalty of tax due to negligence or fraud?

A

20% of underpayment attributed to negligence

75% of portion of tax attributed to fraud

37
Q

What is the failure to pay and file penalty?

A

Pay- .5% per month of tax that is unpaid with max of 25%

File- 5% of tax due each month with a max of 25%

38
Q

What is the primary source of all tax law

A

Internal revenue code

39
Q

What are the treasury regulations

A

A source of tax law until overturned by a court

40
Q

What indicates the intent of congress

A

Congressional committee reports

41
Q

Adjustments FOR AGI

A 
IRA contributions
Keogh or SEP
1/2 self employment tax
Alimony paid (pre 2019)
Self employment health insurance

2500 student loan interest
Contributions it HSA
penalty for early withdrawal of savings
Moving expenses (active military only)

42
Q

Gross income inclusions

A 
Taxable interest
Ordinary dividends
Business income or losses
Capital gains/ losses
Alimony received (pre 2019)
Ira distributions
Pensions/annuities/punitive damages
RE
unemployment income
Taxable social security
43
Q

Schedule B

A

Taxable interest

Ordinary dividends

44
Q

Schedule c

A

Business income/losses

45
Q

Schedule d

A

Capital gains/losses

46
Q

Schedule e

A

Real estate

47
Q

Schedule a

A

Itemized deductions

48
Q

Itemized deductions

A 
Medical, dental, LTC (7.5%)
Casualty losses (federal disaster)
Real estate taxes*
State, local and sales tax*
Home mortgage interest
Charitable gifts
Investment interest expense

*limited to max of 10k

49
Q

What qualifies as investment income?

A

Interest
Dividends
Royalties
Short term gains
Dividends included only if tax payer elects not to use reduced rates
Long term gains included only if tax payer elects out of long term rates

50
Q

Calculation of deductible loss

A

First must be federally declared disaster

  1. Use lesser of basis or FMV
  2. Subtract any insurance coverage
  3. Subtract $100 (floor)
  4. Subtract 10% of AGI
51
Q

Does FICA apply on earned income above $147,000?

A

Yes, at 1.45% for the employee

52
Q

How to calculate FICA tax

A

6.2% of 147k plus 1.45% of 150k

53
Q

Credit for child and dependent care versus child tax credit

A

Credit for child and dependent care

  • 3k for one child or 6k for 2 children
  • 20% of allowable expenses
  • ex: one child =20% of 3k.
  • until age 13

Child tax credit
-$2000 tax credit per child
Phase out is 400k AGI
-until age 17

54
Q

Which of the tax credits are refundable?

A

Earned income credit

Child tax credit (up to $1400)

55
Q

Advantages of a c corp

A 
Separate tax entity
Dividend received deduction 
Sale of stock to unlimited amount of investors
Can provide non qualified deferred comp
Limited liability
Continuity of life
56
Q

What type of interest can be deducted without limits?

A

Sole proprietor loans

57
Q

How are short term gains and 1245 recapture taxed?

A

Ordinary income

58
Q

Difference between recognized gain and realized gain on sale of home

A

Recognized-subtracts 121 exclusion

Realized-does not include 121 exclusion

59
Q

Is there an exception where someone can use 121 exclusion and not live in the home 2 years?

A

Yes-new job, unforced circumstances, health reasons

  • with new job, must move 50 miles
  • if this is the case, must prorate exclusion amount
60
Q

What is the difference between AMT and tax owed?

A

AMT payable

*they ask this a lot on the exam

61
Q

When does AMT occur?

A

If the regular tax is less than the tentative minimum tax, the difference is AMT payable

62
Q

What is the relationship between AMT and regular tax

A

It is inverse

If regular tax goes up, AMT will go down

63
Q

What is the difference between active and material participation?

A

Material-taxpayer is involved in the operation of the activity on a regular, continuous, substantial basis

Active-less demanding standard that material

  • merely requires bona fide involvement in management decisions
  • income or loss is reported in schedule E
  • limited partner may NEVER be an active participant
64
Q

What are the 2 exceptions to the passive rules

A

Material and active participation

65
Q

Are active participants in RE allowed to take a loss

A
  • qualifying taxpayers may deduct 25k, per year, if net losses from RE activity from their active or portfolio income up to income generated
  • this deduction is phased out with AGIs between 100k and 150k on a 2 for 1 basis
66
Q

Is there an exemption from PAL rules?

A

Yes-losses from an oil and gas working interest for which the taxpayer is personally liable can be deducted against active income without limits to AGI

67
Q

All sources of phantom income

A
  • Any type of lapse with a loan
  • Section 162 life and disability
  • Zero coupon bond
  • STRIP
  • TIPS
  • declared but not paid dividends/CG
  • K1 income from LP/FLP
  • recaptures
  • ESOP distribution (basis only)
  • secular trust
68
Q

What does not qualify as alimony?

A

Transfers of non cash items including services, property or the use of property, or promissory notes

69
Q

What entities cannot utilize a tax deduction under QBI-199A?

A

Pass through entities cannot utilize tax deduction through QBI

70
Q

Non-qualifying property for 1031

A

Inventory of a business
Non-business tangible/personal property
Personal residence
Marketable securities

71
Q

IRS ignores legal formalities to determine economic outcome of a transaction

A

Substance over form

72
Q

What type of trust does not have to use calendar year to file tax returns?

A

501A or charitable trust

73
Q

Prior to 2018 what entity could take a net operating loss?

A

Estates
Self employed
Corporations

*s corp and partnerships could NEVER take a NOL

74
Q

Can losses be taken on the sale of a personal residence?

A

No

75
Q

Is there a phase out for deducting active participation losses?

A

Yes-150k AGI

76
Q

What is the tax status of I bond interest?

A

It is tax deferred, NOT subject to phantom income

77
Q

How many years can a deduction from a charitable gift be carried forward?

A

5 years

78
Q

How do small cash donations work for getting a deduction on your taxes?

A

Cash donations up to 300/600 do not have to be documented for 2021 if taking standard deduction

For gifts less than $250 a receipt is required

79
Q

When do you need to file schedule SE?

A

Net earnings are $400 or more

80
Q

How is basis of a gift of property affected by gift tax paid by a donor?

A

Basis to a donee is increased by the gift tax paid by the donor that is attributable to the appreciation of the gift

81
Q

What is the liquidation order payout if a corporation goes bankrupt?

A
  1. secured creditors like mortgage bond holders and equipment trust certificate holders
  2. Unpaid wages, taxes, and trade creditors
  3. Debenture bond holders
  4. Preferred shareholders
  5. Common shareholders
82
Q

If you are donating dresses (which are use related) as an in kind gift to a 501c 3 org, how are the dresses valued?

A

At the cost of the dresses plus one half of its markup to retail pricing

83
Q

Can you deduct meal expenses?

A

1/2!

CFP (10 decks)

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