Taste Flashcards
t/f taste loss due to aging is bc of taste bud loss
faaaalse. changes in bud cell membranes
PMH that can increase taste sensitivity (2)
hypothyroidism, adrenal cortical insufficiency
diagnostic exams
specific causes of dysphagia. cheap and quick. but can’t detect mechanics of swallowing.
plain films
diagnostic exams
display both upper and lower jaws and all dentition. useful in mandibular fractures and tumors.
panorex
diagnostic exams
not as popular. duct obstruction. or extravasation in trauma. dye injected into ducts of parotid or submandibular glands
sialogram
diagnostic exams
can evaluate all phases of swallowing. good anatomic detail. can be reviewed later.
modified barium swallow
diagnostic exams
evaluate oral and pharyngeal sources of dysphagia.
disadvantage?
FEES flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing
blind spot during swallowing
most common non-traumatic ulcers
treatment? (3)
aphthous ulcer = canker sores
tetracycline mouthwash - severe recurrent but can burn….
chlorhexidine mouthwash - prevent secondary bacterial infection
50:50 milk of magnesia & benadryl
to diagnose herpes infections
tzank smear (using wright’s stain) - giant cells with multiple nuclei, with inclusion bodies
most common malignancy of oral cavity
sites (8)
scc
*lower lip tongue floor of mouth gingiva palate tonsils upper lip buccal mucosa
periapical/radicular cyst vs dentigerous cyst
periapical/radicular
due to pulpal inflammation from caries at tooth apex or root
dentigerous
crown of unerupted tooth
ameloblastomas can arise from dentigerous cyst, dental lamina, and basal layer of oral mucus membrane. treatment of choice?
wide excision/resection
management for odontogenic cysts
extraction of associated non-vital teeth and excision
management for unicystic ameloblastomas
enucleation and curettage
autoimmune
tears and saliva-producing glands are attacked
sjogren’s syndrome
acute tonsillitis: erythematous and/or exudative tonsils with sore throat, dysphagia, odynophagia, fever, and tender enlarged cervical LN.
pano mo masasabing chronic?
at least 5 times na acute
tonsillitis common pathogens (4). drug of choice?
group a beta-hemolytic strep
pneumococci
staph
viruses
penicillin
gold standard for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
nocturnal polysomnography (time-consuming and expensive)
how to diagnose tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)
treatment
failure to pass NGT
or plain film showing tube coiled in esophagus
surgery; thoracotomy
innervation
tongue
pharynx & larynx
anterior 2/3 - lingual nerve (5), chorda tympani for taste (7)
posterior 1/3 + soft palate - glossopharyngeal (9)
pharynx & larynx - vagus (10)
*solitary tract nucleus, thalamus, cortex
where is the swallowing center located
pontine reticular system
which cranial nerve exclusively innervates the tongue
hypoglossal 12
cranial nerve - jaw closure, lip closure?
5, 7
aspiration pneumonia treatment (3)
rehabilitative speech therapy
nasoduodenal/gastric tube
pulmonary toilet
maneuver to improve laryngeal elevation and cricopharyngeal opening during swallow
mendelsohn maneuver
rapidly progressive degenerative disease of unknown etiology that involves brain and spinal cord neurons
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
progressive disorder of cns marked by classic triad of:
resting tremor
bradykinesia
rigidity
parkinsons
degenerative plaques in cns. extremely variable presentation. dysphagia originating from pharyngeal phase of swallowing.
multiple sclerosis
spasm of scm, masticator or cricopharyngeus
muscular dystrophy
disorder of ach receptors. dysphagia and fatigue worsen during the day
myasthenia gravis
in bitter alkaloids
phenylthiourea
hereditary taste!!
5 cardinal criteria:
absence of overflow emotional tears absent fungiform papillae depressed patellar reflex lack of axon flare following intradermal histamine ashkenazi jewish extraction
riley-day disease
