Taste

Question 1

Where are taste receptor cells found?

Answer 1

tongue, soft palate, pharynx, epiglottis

Question 2

What are the four different tongue papillae?

Answer 2

Filiform, fungiform, circumvallate, foliate

Question 3

What are filiform papillae?

Answer 3

not taste buds, sense pain and temperature

Question 4

What are fungiform papillae? (where are they?)

Answer 4

on the anterior tongue, contain one or more taste buds

Question 5

What are circumvallate papillae and where are they?

Answer 5

papillae in the shape of a V, on the posterior part of the tongue

Question 6

What are foliate papillae and where are they?

Answer 6

in small trenches on the posterior tongue

Question 7

What are taste buds?

Answer 7

onion shaped structures with 50-100 taste receptor cells, each with microvilli that project into the ‘pore’

Question 8

what are the ‘5’ most commonly mentioned tastes?

Answer 8

salt, sweet, bitter, sour, umami

Question 9

are men or women more likely to be supertasters?

Answer 9

women

Question 10

what are tastants?

Answer 10

taste stimuli

Question 11

what receptor cells are ionotropic?

Answer 11

salty (Na) and sour (H) taste buds

Question 12

what receptor cells are metabotropic?

Answer 12

sweet (cAMP), bitter (IP3) and umami

Question 13

What is the function of glucagon like protein -1 (glp1)

Answer 13

glp-1 is produced in response to a taste stimulus, enhances the cells responsivity to certain tastes

Question 14

are taste receptors specific for individual tastes or do they respond to different tastes but respond more strongly to certain types?

Answer 14

they respond to different tastes but respond more strongly to certain types

Question 15

What three cranial nerves mediate taste?

Answer 15

CN 7 (facial nerve); CN9 glossopharyngeal; CN 10 (vagus)

Question 16

What is the pathway of taste stimulus?

Answer 16

taste neurons –> solitary nucleus (medulla) –> ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPL) in thalamus –> limbic cortex

Question 17

What does the insula do in taste sensation? What might damage to the insula cause?

Answer 17

insula = primary gustatory cortex. taste identification, intensity and discriminative aspects of taste. damage –> inability to identify tastes

Question 18

What is the function of the orbitofrontal cortex in taste sensation?

Answer 18

secondary gustatory cortex. appreciation of flavor, food reward (hedonistic). integration of taste, smell and visual cues

Question 19

What is the function of the cingulate gyrus in taste sensation?

Answer 19

negation of food (opposite of hedonistic orbitofrontal cortex)