Task 6 assessment validation

Question 1

What are primary immune responses?

Answer 1

They are the body’s first exposure to an antigen

Question 2

How do primary immunes responses work?

Answer 2

Upon exporsure, the body will attempt to destroy it.
Specialist cells engulf the target and dismantle it
Phagocytes travel to the nearest lymph node where a more specific response can be undertaken.
Circulating antibodies then find the organism and bind to its surface antigen

Question 3

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 3

They destroy the infection or convey chemical messages to other parts of the immune system.
As blood and tissue fluids circulate the body, various components of the immune system are continually surveying for potential sources of attack/abnormal cells.

Question 4

What is the flu?

Answer 4

It is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza and appears most frequently in winter or early spring.
It spreads through the upper and/or lower respiratory tracts

Question 5

How do vaccines become effective?

Answer 5

The first time the immune system sees a new antigen it needs time to prepare to destroy it
Vaccines use the secondary response and memory cells to expose the body to the antigen without causing disease, so when the live pathogen infects the body, the response is rapid and the pathogen is prevented from causing disease

Question 6

What is bone marrow?

Answer 6

The place in the body where most cells of the immune system are produced as stem cells or immature cells

Question 7

What are stem cells?

Answer 7

They have the potential to differentiate and mature into the different cells of the immune system

Question 8

What is the thymus?

Answer 8

An organ in the chest which tells lymphocytes to become mature T-lymphocytes

Question 9

What are B-cells?

Answer 9

Lymphocytes that arise is the bone marrow and differentiate into plasma cells which produce immunoglobins

Question 10

What are cytotoxic T-cells?

Answer 10

Lymphocytes that mature in the thymus and are responsible for killing infected cells

Question 11

What are helper T-cells?

Answer 11

They are specialised lymphocytes that help T-cells and B-cells to perform their functions

Question 12

What are plasma cells?

Answer 12

They are cells that develop from B-cells and are the cells that make immunoglobin for the serum and secretions

Question 13

What are immunoglobins?

Answer 13

THey are highly specialised protein molecules. There is a large variety that is so extensive that they can be produced to match all possible microorganisms in the environment

Question 14

What are neutrophils?

Answer 14

Types of cells found in the bloodstream that rapidly ingests microorganisms and kills them

Question 15

What are monocytes?

Answer 15

A type of cells found in the bloodstream which develops into macrophage when it migrates to the tissues

Question 16

What are red blood cells?

Answer 16

Cells in the bloodstream which carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues

Question 17

What are platelets?

Answer 17

Small cells in the bloodstream which are important in blood clotting

Question 18

What are dendritic cells?

Answer 18

Important cells in presenting antigen to immune system cells.

Question 19

What are antivirals?

Answer 19

Drugs that treat people who have already been infected by a virus.

Question 20

What are antibiotics?

Answer 20

They are medicines that interfere with the reproduction of bacterial infections

Question 21

What are the differences between antivirals and antibiotics?

Answer 21

Antivirals prevent or limit infection when given before or shortly after exposure
They are only effective when administered within a certain timeframe before or after exposure
Virals cant be treated with antibiotics

Inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance, a growing health concern
Secondary bacterial infections that may occur in the tissues that have been damaged by virus infection may be treated with antibiotics

Question 22

What are ethical concerns of vaccinations with Personal choice vs public great good?

Answer 22

Vaccines are only effective if the majority of a population has the vaccinations, this is to protect people with compromised immune systems can be protected. People have the right to protect themselves but also have a choice whether their personal beliefs support the vaccination

Question 23

What are ethical concerns with vaccinations with the research and testing?

Answer 23

Vaccines have to undergo many years of research and must pass safety and efficacy standard. The process may include scientific and social discipline, including public health. Sometimes researchers disagree with who the vaccine should include in the trials.

Question 24

What are ethical concerns with vaccines and informed consent?

Answer 24

Federal guidelines don’t require written consent before vaccination. The company only needs to provide a vaccine information statement providing the basic information about the vaccines risks and benefits and is designed to provide the information a patient needs to make an informed decision

Question 25

What are ethical concerns with vaccines and access issues?

Answer 25

There is evidence that access to the vaccinations depend to some extent on socioeconomic and racial minority status. Implicit in these discussions is the question of whether or not all lives are of equal value and deserve equal opportunities.

Question 26

When should a person first get a hepatitis B injection?

Answer 26

At birth

Question 27

After two months, what vaccines should a baby receive?

Answer 27

Diptheria, 
tetanus, 
pertussis, 
hepatitis b, 
polio
haemophilus influenzae type B
Penumoccal
Rotavirus

Question 28

At 4 months of age, a child should receive what vaccinations?

Answer 28

Diptheria
Tetanus
Pertussis
Hepatitus B
Polio
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Penumoccal 
Rotavirus

Question 29

Aftter 6 months, a baby should get what vaccinations?

Answer 29

Diptheria
Tetanus
Pertissus
Hepatitus B
Haemophilus influenzae type B

Question 30

After a year, what injections should a baby receive?

Answer 30

Meningococcal ACWY
Measles, mumps, rubella
Pneumococcal

Question 31

At 18 months a child should receive what vaccinations?

Answer 31

Haemophilus influenzae type B
Measles, mumps, rubella, varicella
Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis

Question 32

At 4 years old, the vaccinations you child should get are:

Answer 32

Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio

Question 33

At 12-13 years old, people should get what vaccinations?

Answer 33

Human papilomavirus

Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis

Question 34

At 14-16 years of age what vaccination should a perosn get?

Answer 34

Meningococcal ACWY