Task 5 Flashcards
Experimental Psychology
1
Q
Foundation of the First Laboratory of Experimental Psychology in Germany
A
- 19th century: German universities reformed to make them more dynamic and advance the new sciences
- new type based on two goals: Wissenschaft and Bildung
2
Q
Foundation of the First Laboratory of Experimental Psychology in Germany
- Wundt
A
- became interested in applying the physiological methods to psychological phenomena
- new laboratory in 1879 in Leipzig
- methods:
- experimental methods: psychophysical methods; measurement of duration of simple mental processes; accuracy of reproduction in memory tasks; interested in Fechner’s law (JND)
- introspection: distinction between ‘Innere Wahrnehmung’ and ‘Experimentelle Selbstbeobachtung’; psychology as perception itself (introspection needed)
- historical method: study of the products of human mind
3
Q
Psychology in America
- James
A
- functionalism = examined practical functions of human mind; inspired by evolutionary theory
4
Q
Psychology in America
- Titchner
A
- structuralism = discover structure of human mind
- basis of introspection
- limited impact because of criticism on introspection, by functionalists and by Gestalt psychology
5
Q
Psychology in France
- Ribot
A
- liked introspection, but needs to be combined with other methods to be more valid
6
Q
Psychology in France
- Charcot
A
- research on hysteria
- interested in practice of hypnosis
- three stages: lethargy (sleepy/lazy), cataplexy, and somnambulism
7
Q
Psychology in France
- Binet
A
- 1857-1911
- first valid intelligence test
- started to measure skulls and relate it to intelligence (turned out to be wrong)
8
Q
Psychology in the UK
A
- James Sully driving force BUT
- University of Cambridge: fist laboratory of experimental psychology under direction of W.H.R. River
- Galton’s works on individual differences another main source of inspiration
- journals ‘Mind’ and ‘British Journal of Psychology’
9
Q
Psychology in the UK
- Schotland
A
- Alexander Bain (1818-1903) –> launched journal ‘Mind’
10
Q
Five Schools of Psychology
A
- structuralism
- functionalism
- Gestalt psychology
- behaviorism
- psychoanalysis
11
Q
Psychology and Society
- Eugenics
A
- Eugenics launched 1883 by Galton and inspired by Darwinism -> extended social management practices
- went hand in hand with major changes:
- governmentalization = private initiatives of ‘enlightened’ citizens were supported by the state
- individualization = social management plans became more individual
- scientification = most domains of social management could rely on specific scientific contribution
12
Q
Psychology and Society
- Psychology 1880-1910
A
- academic psychology was developed and institutionalized
- 1879: fist laboratory by Wilhelm Wundt
13
Q
Psychology and Society
- Practical Psychology 1890 onwards
A
- psychology became almost connected to a lot of social domains and problems
14
Q
Psychology and Society
- Psychology as a Profession; middle of 1890s
A
- contours of more clearly defined expertise of professional psychologists began to emerge
15
Q
Psychology and Society
- Psychological Society; 20th century
A
- expansion of psychology in Western countries and massive increase in social management
- individualization = focus on individual differences and inner world of feelings
- social management = welfare state after second world war
- psychology = 1950 onwards, academic psychology was ranked among bigger scientific disciplines
