Task 5 Flashcards
What is the principle behind economic theories of decision-making?
Economic theories of decision-making are based on the principle of utility maximization, and reinforcement-learning theory provides a computational algorithm to estimate the overall reward expected from alternative choices
What must decision makers integrate when making choices?
Decision makers must integrate different types of information about costs and benefits associated with each available option, such as the quality and quantity of the expected reward and the required work
What is the hypothesis regarding the specialization of the primate frontal cortex in decision-making?
Different subdivisions of the primate frontal cortex may be specialized to focus on different aspects of the dynamic decision-making process
What is the role of the lateral PFC in decision-making?
The lateral PFC is involved in maintaining state representation necessary to identify optimal actions in a given environment
What roles do the OFC and ACC play in decision-making?
The OFC might be primarily involved in encoding and updating utilities associated with different sensory stimuli,
ACC might be involved in encoding and updating utilities associated with alternative actions
How is decision-making defined in the context of this document?
Decision-making is the process by which a particular response is chosen based on its evaluation of potential costs and benefits associated with alternative actions
What does reinforcement learning theory propose about decision-making?
Reinforcement learning theory proposes that any discrepancy between the outcome expected by the animal and the actual outcome from its chosen action influences the animal’s future decision-making strategies
How does the lateral PFC contribute to decision-making in changing environments?
The lateral PFC encodes the state of the environment and the properties of expected rewards, and increases the reliability of state representation as the value of the expected reward increases
What happens when the OFC is damaged in humans and monkeys?
Lesions in the OFC impair the ability to adjust decision-making strategies when previously successful choices are no longer advantageous and impair the ability to modify behavior dynamically based on changing outcomes
How does the OFC encode expected reward signals?
Expected reward signals in the OFC seldom encode different states of the environment and are largely determined by the expected outcome, even when the outcome is determined by the animal’s own choice
What is the role of the ACC in decision-making?
The ACC might play a key role in choosing appropriate actions when the environment is uncertain or dynamic and is involved in updating decision-making strategies after committing an error
What impact do ACC lesions have on decision-making?
Lesions in the ACC impair the ability to integrate signals related to the outcomes of previous choices to make optimal decisions and may disrupt the ability to combine information about the costs and benefits associated with alternative actions
How does the frontal cortex contribute to socially interactive decision-making?
The frontal cortex, through reinforcement learning, plays a role in socially interactive decision-making, with specific regions like the OFC and ACC being crucial for social behavior and perception
What is unique about self-perception as a cognitive process?
Self-perception is unique because the self is simultaneously the perceiver and the perceived, involving processes designed to gather information about the self
What is the self-reference effect?
The self-reference effect is the enhanced memory for information processed in relation to the self, which is more deeply processed due to its personal relevance
