Task 4 Flashcards
My socks are in the dryer
Information Processing Theory:
- Definition
= class of theories that focus on the structure of the cognitive system and the mental activities used to deploy attention and memory to solve problems
Information Processing Theory:
- Assumptions
- thinking is information processing
- there are mechanisms or processes of change that underlie the processing of information
- cognitive development is a self-modifying process
- careful task analysis is crucial
Information Processing Theory:
- Computer Methaphor
Hardware: how much information, how fast it is processed
Software: different strategies used
Information Processing Theory:
- View of Children’s Nature
- children’s cognitive growth as occurring continuously, in small increments that occur at different times on different tasks
- child as limited-capacity processing system
- child as problem solver
Working memory model
= model of information processing which emphasizes dynamic though processes rather than more basic parameters like storage duration and capacity
Development of Memory
- Working Memory
= acitvely attending to, gathering, maintaining, storing, and processing information
- limited to capacity (amount) and time (length of retaining information)
Development of Memory
- Long-Term Memory
= information retained on an enduring basis
- includes: factual, conceptual, procedural knowledge; attitudes; reasoning strategies
- retain unlimited amount of information for unlimited periods
Development of Memory
- Executive Functioning
= control of cognition
- types:
- inhibiting
- enhancing working memory (through use of strategies)
- being cognitively flexible (perspective taking)
- control thinking and action
Development of Memory
- Explanations
- capabilities
- biological processes:
- myelination
- increased connectivity among brain regions
- strategies
- content knowledge
Development of Memory
- Recognition
- Recall
Recognition: see object and recognize it —> develops early
Recall: recall something from memory
Development of Memory
- Production deficiency
- Control deficiency
- Utilization deficiency
Production deficiency: cannot produce a strategy
Control deficiency: inability to control their strategies
Utilization deficiency: have some strategies, but seem to not “get” further
Development of Memory
- Automatization
- Encoding
Automatization: some processes will become automatic with repitition
Role of encoding: representation of features of the environment (cognitive)
Development of Memory
- Strategies
- Elaboration = e.g. Eselsbrücke
- Rehearsal = repeating information to oneself
- Organization = grouping related items
Development of Problem Solving
- Overlapping-waves theory
= when given challenging problems, children try out a variety of strategies, observe which work best, which work less well, and which are ineffective —> select strategies that result in rapid, accurate solutions
Development of Problem Solving
- Problem solving definition
- Planning
- Problem solving = process of attaining a goal by using a strategy to overcome an obstacle
- Planning ( = thinking out a sequence of acts ahead of time and allocating attention accordingly to reach goal) —> problem solving more successful if plan before action
