task 1 - the brain Flashcards
coronal slicing
separates the brain to a front and back part (push down a crown)
sagittal slicing
separates the brain into a left and right part
horizontal/axial slicing
separates the brain into a lower and upper part
cerebrum
the largest section of the human brain, associated with higher order functioning
voluntary behavior, thinking, perceiving, planning, and understanding language
what connects the two hemispheres?
corpus callosum
connector parts of the cortex?
longitudinal fissure, lateral fissure, central sulcus, 2 hemispheres
frontal lobe
initiating and coordinating motor movements, higher cognitive skills, many aspects of personality and emotional makeup
parietal lobe
sensory processes, attention and language
occipital lobe
process visual information, recognition of shapes and colors
temporal lobe
process auditory information and integrate information from other senses
before birth there are ___ swellings that turn to ___
3, 5
telencephalon
FRONTAL
contains: cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system
cerebral cortex
known as the gray matter), white matter, large furrows are fissures, small ones sulci, and bulges between sulci and fissures are gyri
contains: neocortex, allocortex
neocortex
90% and 6 layers
basal ganglia
;performance in motor responses, decision making, receives input from the neocortex
limbic system
regulated in motivated behaviors, the four F’s (feeding, fighting, flighting, and f—ing)
diencephalon
FRONTAL
contains: thalamus, hypothalamus
thalamus purpose? location?
receives sensory information, processes it, and send it to the sensory cortex
forebrain, third ventricle, diencephalon
hypothalamus purpose? contains? location?
connection between the endocrine and the nervous system, maintains homeostasis (keeping internal body temp stable), blood concentration
contains: pituitary gland and optic chiasm, mamillary bodies
forebrain, third ventricle, diencephalon
mesencephalon
MID
contains: inferior and superior colliculi
superior colliculi
visual-motor function, directing the body away or from visual stimuli
periaqueductal gray
pain reducer
substania nigra and red nucleus
important components of the sensorimotor system
metencephalon
HIND
contains: pons & cerebellum
myelencephalon
HIND
(medulla) most posterior division of the brain
contains: reticular formation
reticular formation
100 tiny nuclei that occupys the central core of the brain stem from the posterior boundary of the myelencephalon to the anterior boundary of the midbrain
(sleep, attention, movement, maintenance of muscle tone, cardiac and circulatory, and respiratory reflexes)
forebrain functions?
coordinate muscle movements, reward useful behavior. (thalamus) most sensory information onto the cerebral cortex after prioritizing it. (hypothalamus) control for appetites, defensive and reproductive behaviors and sleep wakefulness
midbrain
collections of neurons that play roles in auditory and visual reflexes, central nervous system (reward mechanisms and mood)
- (2 small hills) colliculi
- clusters of neurons
hindbrain
control respiration, heart rhythms and blood glucose level
- cerebellum, pons, medulla, oblongata
spinal cord
hermes for the brain to the body
spinal cord sends messages from the brain to the rest of the body to control the muscles and internal organs
axon
send signal away
dendrite
receive signals
gray matter
mostly cell bodies and unmyelinated interneurons
white matter
mostly myelinated axons
peripheral nervous system
all the parts outside of skull and spine
nerve
a collection of nerve fibers (axons) in the peripheral nervous system, bundled together and spread throughout the bod
ganglia
collection of cell bodies
central nervous system
in the skull and parts of the spine
proximal close to the CNS
tract
a collection of nerve fibers (axons) in the central nervous system
autonomic ganglia and nerves
sympathetic division, parasympathetic division
order of ventricles
(on top)
lateral ventricle
third ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
fourth ventricle
(at the bottom)
