Target Value Analysis

Question 1

What are the references used for TVA?

Answer 1

FM 1-02. Operational Terms and Graphics. 21 Sep 2004.

JP 1-02. DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. 15 Aug 2012.

FM 3-60. The Targeting Process. 26 November 2010.

JP 3-60. Joint Targeting. 31 January 2013.

Question 2

What are Targeting Objectives?

Answer 2

Describes the effects of target attack on the enemy
capabilities:
Limit
Disrupt
Delay
Divert
Destroy
Damage

Question 3

Describe Effects On Target.

Answer 3

Attack Criteria used to
Determine the degree or
duration of effects on
specific target:
DESTROY
NEUTRALIZE
SUPPRESS
HARASS

Question 4

What is Target Development?

Answer 4

Target Development is the process of providing direct combat information, targeting data, and correlated targeting information.

Question 5

What are the different phases of Target Development?

Answer 5

Analysis
Validation
Documentation
Nomination
Collection and
Exploitation

Question 6

What are some examples of Target Development Objectives?

Answer 6

To divert, limit, disrupt, delay, damage or destroy enemy capabilities.

Provide direct targeting data to commanders for immediate fires and maneuver in close operations.

Collect and correlate all source information to develop targeting data to support operations.

Question 7

Describe the Decide, Detect, Deliver, and Assess (D3A) Methodology for Target Value Analysis.

Answer 7

D3A -

TVA

• generates High Vaue Target (HVT) sets for a specific enemy COA.
• is a detailed analysis of emnemy doctrine, TTPs, equipment, org system, and expected behavior patterns for a selected COA.
• id’s potential HVT sets associated with critical enemy functions that could interfere with friendly COAs or are vital to enemy success.
• is an analytical tool to be used in the Decide phase of D3A.
• utilize Target Information Folders (TIFs) in order to develop HVTs for a specific enemy COA.

Question 8

Describe the D3A methodology in relationship with target value analysis.

Answer 8

Decide -> TSS/AGM/HPTL (Who / what to attack)
Detect -> RDR/ UAS/JSTARS (How to acquire)
Deliver -> TSS/AGM/HPTL (How to attack)
Assess -> Weapon system Desired effects (BDA)

Question 9

Describe the Decide function.

Answer 9

The decision function process is focused through the development of a prioritized list.
Decide function is the most important area for future planning.
The list specifies:
–What is required to defeat the target?
–When can targets be detected and consequently attacked?
–Who can detect the targets and conduct BDA?
–Who can engage the target?
–How must the target be engaged?
–Which targets need BDA?

Question 10

Describe the Detect function.

Answer 10

S-2 is the main figure in directing the collection management efforts to identify targets.

G2/S2 must work closely with the FSOs to determine accurate, identifiable, and timely requirements.

Focus on the high payoff targets (HPTs) designated during the decision function.

Question 11

Describe the Deliver function.

Answer 11

The deliver function of the targeting process does the following:
–Executes the attack guidance matrix
–Supports the commander’s battle plan
–Location and identification of established HPTs

Tactical Questions:
Time of Attack
Desired Effects
Attack System Used

Technical Questions:
Type/ Number of Munitions
Unit conducting Attack
Response time of Attacking Unit

Question 12

Describe the Assess function.

Answer 12

The assess function is the last step of the targeting
process. Its primary purpose is to provide
assessment /BDA.

The assess function of the targeting process answers the following:
–Was the mission successful?
–Was the correct target hit?
–Did the munitions function correctly?
–Were the desired results achieved?
–Does the target, or other nearby target, merit additional strikes?
–Was the attack effective enough to merit a continued campaign?

Question 13

List the Tools and Worksheets involed in TVA.

Answer 13

Target Development
Attack Criteria
HVT - High-Value Target
HVI - High-Value Individual
HPT- High-Payoff Target
TST - Time-Sensitive Target
HPTL - High-Payoff Target List
TSS - Target Selection Standard
AGM - Attack Guidance Matrix
TSM - Target Sync Matrix

Note: The ultimate product or end state of TVA are the HTPL, TSS, and the AGM.

Question 14

What is a HVT/HVI?

Answer 14

Targets / Individuals deemed important to the Enemy Commander for the successful accomplishment of his mission.

Question 15

What is a HPT?

Answer 15

Targets whose loss to the enemy will significantly contribute to the success of the Friendly Commander.

Question 16

When do HVTs become HPTs?

Answer 16

When these targets can be successfully acquired, are vulnerable to attack, and that such an attack supports the commander’s scheme of maneuver.

Question 17

Describe High-Value Targets versus High-Payoff Targets.

Answer 17

HVT (S2)

• Those assets essential to the success of the enemy.
• Developed by the S2 during the IPB process.
• Too often the S2 will identify all enemy assets as HVTs.

HPT (S3)
- HVTs that must be attacked in order to
accomplish the friendly commander’s
mission.
- Identified by specific event or phase in priority
Order.
- Developed by the Targeting Team during MDMP.

Question 18

Describe Time-Sensitive Target (TST)s.

Answer 18

TSTs are “JFC designated targets” requiring immediate response because it is a highly lucrative, fleeting target of opportunity or it poses (or will soon pose) a danger to frindly forces.

These are not designated at levels below the JFC.

Question 19

Describe Target Selection Standards (TSSs).

Answer 19

Are criteria applied to enemy activity (acquisitions and battlefield information).

Used in deciding whether the activity is a target.

Question 20

Describe the Attack Guidance Matrix (AGM).

Answer 20

Approved by the commander

Addresses which targets will be attacked, how, when, and the desired effects

The AGM consists of columns for the following:
–Specific HPT
–Timing of attack
–How targets are attacked
–Target categories
–Restrictions

Question 21

Describe the High-Payoff Target List (HPTL).

Answer 21

The HPTL identifies the HPTs by phases in the battle and order of priority

Target value is usually the greatest factor contributing to target payoff.

Question 22

What agency designates all time sensitive targets?

Answer 22

The Joint Forces Commander (JFC).

Question 23

Describe the Target Value Analysis Process.

Answer 23

1) Request the CDRs targeting guidance relative to the COA

2) Provide input for the HVT list based on the S2 estimate of the enemy situation
- Develop the HPTL

3) Integrate finding high relative worth target sets into unit’s priority intelligence requirements
- ISR Plan
- ISR Sync

4) Coord with the S2 for planning NAIs,TAIs, and decision points
- War-game the COAs
- Value/Rank the target sets

5) Complete the analysis with the final HPTL

6) Execute
- Conduct Assessment
- BDA, MOEs/MOPs, Re-attack

Question 24

What does the HPTL do?

Answer 24

HPTL prioritizes list of targets.

Question 25

What does the ISR Plan do?

Answer 25

Answers the CDR’s PIRS to include HPT’s.

Supports the acquisition of HPT’s.

Question 26

What does the TSS do?

Answer 26

Addresses the accuracy or other specific criteria

that must be met before a target can be attacked.

Question 27

What does the AGM do?

Answer 27

Once approved by the CDR, the AGM addresses which targets will be attacked, how, when and the desired effects.

Question 28

What is Target Value Analysis?

Answer 28

Target Value Analysis involves a detailed analysis of enemy doctrine, tactics, equipment, organizations, and expected behavior for a selected COA. The target value analysis process identifies potential HVT sets associated with critical enemy functions that could interfere with the friendly COA or that are vital to enemy success.

The Target Value Analysis process provides a relative ranking of target sets. The war game begins when the target analyst in the G-2 or the intelligence staff officer (S-2) plays the role of the threat commander or acts as the ISR officer.