Target Flashcards
Target Vetting?
Assesses the accuracy of the supporting intelligence to targeting.
Establishes confidence in a candidate targets functional characterization
Key parts of TGT Dev, reduces risk in ID of innappropriat/illegitimate TGTs
Target Validation?
Assesses whether a target meets the commanders objectives and criteria while ensuring its prosecution meets the ROE and Law of Warfare.
Key parts of TGT Dev, reduces risk in ID of innappropriat/illegitimate TGTs
Why do units conduct BDA?
TGT damage or effect based on: physical/functional damage, and change/TGT system assessment
Done to verify desired effects were achieved and inform the decision to re-attack or move to a following target. Advises CDR on the MOE and MOP
Why do units conduct CDE?
Units produce a CDE prior to target execution to prepare CDR for all possible effects of potential COAs. Allows CDR to plan for potential outcomes, prepare an information operation to mitigate effects or plan for alt COAs. Facilitates risk estimation and mitigation.
ODA level it allows CDR to generate IO
Higher level it allows CDRs to predict effects of large strike/blast radius damage and related damage
POTUS-helps determine if actioning TGT is worth predicted outcomes(juice worth squeeze)
Conventional Army Targeting Method?
It is a iterative cyclical process of Decide, Detect, Deliver, and Assess (D3A).
Positive effects of targeting management?
- Targets the entire insurgent movement not just individuals
- Applies continuous pressure on the adversary op cycle
- Minimizes collateral disruption on the population and creates IO opportunities
- prioritizes and synergizes operational effort
- Identifies intelligence gaps
Steps of Target Value Analysis
- ID the threat
- Analyze the threat IPB, COG analysis, TGT Taxonomy
- ID HVTs> CARVER>Develop HVTL
- Determine friendly COA
- Analyze HVTL>ID HPTs(CDRs guidance,IPB)
- Develop HPT>CARVER>HPTL
JTL?
Joint Target List
list of validated targets which have no engagement restrictions
SOLE Role
- Integrates the ARSOF/JSOTF commanders targeting needs with joint force
- Provide JSOTF/ARSOF combat plan to JFACC/JAOC
- Integrate ADA w/ defensive counter air
- Has no command authority
- deconflict airspace requirements
Targeting challenges
- Sifting through large amounts of data
- Understand macrolevel analysis
- Characterize vulnerabilities with enough detail to derive meaningful targets
Two types of planned targets
Scheduled- targets are located and prosecuted at a specific time
On-Call- have actions planned but not for a specific time
Targeting categories
Deliberate targeting(planned)- scheduled and on call
Dynamic Targeting(target of opportunity)- unplanned and unanticipated
MOP?
Measure of Performance
Assessment metric for friendly actions that is tied to measuring task accomplishment. Answers the question, Are we doing things right?
MOE
Measure of Effectiveness
Answers the question, Are we doing the right things? Measures the attainment of an endstate, objective or creation of an effect.
Army Targeting Guidelines
Focused on achieving CDRs OBJs(TVA)
Effect Based-creates specific desired effects through lethal and non lethal actions (CDE)
Interdisciplinary- Targeting is a command function that requires the participation of many disciplines (Fusion, asset collection management)
Systematic- targeting seeks to achieve effects through lethal and non lethal actions in a systematic manner(HPTL)
Directs- targeting directs lethal and nonlethal actions to create desired effects(oporder, air tasking order)
How to overcome targeting challenges
Conduct IPB in order to have sufficient information on the OE and enemy to conduct planning
CARVER, TVA and COG analysis to ensure we are identifying target with greatest impact
Tie PIRs to decision points to maximize time and effort
Synchronize S2 and S3 to ensure intell gathered feeds back to intell process
Ensure collection plans are updated and information is disseminated
Target Characteristics
PHYSICAL- distinguishable to the five senses
FUNCTIONAL- how the target functions. what it does/how it does it
COGNITIVE-how the TGT processes info
ENVIRONMENT-effects the environment has on the tgt
TEMPORAL-vulnerability to detection/attack (FFF)
HVT vs HPT
HVTs are required for the accomplishment of the enemies mission
HPTs(High Payoff TGT) if targeted contribute to the success of friendly COA
Targeting
Process of selecting TGTs and matching the appropriate response to them considering operational requirements and capabilities
Joint Targeting Cycle
End state and CDRs OBJ
Target development and prioritization
Capabilities analysis
CDRs decision & force assignment
Mission planning & force execution
Assessment
Three critical factors of a target
Critical capability- Function not tangible (verb) considered a crucial enabler for a COG to function as such, essential to accomplishment of specified or assumed OBJs
Critical requirements-essential condition, resource, and means for a CC to be fully operational
Critical vulnerabilities-
Purpose of targeting
Identifying resources the enemy can least afford to lose or provide him with the greatest advantage
Two types of dynamic targeting
Unplanned- Known to exist but not targeting
Unanticipated- Unknown/Unexpected targets
Step 1 Joint Targeting cycle
Endstate and CDRs OBJs
- Drives targeting
- sets priorities
- specifies damage criteria
- sets collection requirements
- Establishes restrictions
Step 2 Joint targeting cycle
Target Dev and prioritization
- target system analysis
- entity lvl target dev
- target list management
Joint targeting cycle step 3
Capabilities analysis
- Target vulnerability analysis
- capabilities assignment
- feasability assessment
- effects estimate
Joint targeting cycle step 4
CDRs decision and force assignment
- consolidate target Dev and Capability analysis results
- FF status
- assign forces to TGTs
- Present target recommendations to jfc for approval
- issue tasking orders
Joint targeting cycle step 5
Mission planning&Force execution
- component planning
- Target engagement authority
- PID
- ROE
Joint targeting cycle step 6
Assessment
BDA 1-3
Munitions effectiveness assessment
Re-attack recommendation
MOP MOE
Purpose of performing COG analysis
Source of power or strength that provides the enemy the will to act/fight.
Determine and evaluate the enemies CVs
