Tansport Systems In Plants And Humans Flashcards
What is the definition of diffusion ?
The net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
What is the definition of osmosis?
The net movement of water molecules from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential through a partially permeable membrane
How to answer describe+explain questions ?
- Name the molecules that move
- Describe the direction of moevement of the molecules
- Explain why the molecules move
- State the effect on the solution or cell
What happens when you put a cell surface membrane in boiling water?
Ruptures, loses its partially permeable property and becomes fully permeable
What are the similarities between diffusion and osmosis?
- Both are passive processes (do not need energy from respiration)
- Molecules move from a region of high concentration/eater potential to a region of low concentration/ water potential
What are the similarities between osmosis and diffusion ?
- Both processes involve the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration/water potential to a region of lower concentration/water potential
- Both processes are passive (do not require energy from respiration)
What are the differences between diffusion and osmosis?
- Diffusion involves the movement of any and all molecules, osmosis involves only the movement of water molecules
- Diffusion may or may not be through a partially permeable membrane (eg.spraying perfume) but osmosis is always through a partially permeable membrane
What is the transport system in humans and what is it made up of?
The circulatory system, made up of blood, blood vessels and the heart
What are the parts in a heart?
Right atrium, left atrium. Right ventricle, left ventricle, septum
What is the purpose of the valves in a heart?
Closes to prevent the backflow of blood
How does the heart force blood out of the heart?
Heart muscles in the walls contract and relax to force blood out of the heart. As the heart contracts and relaxes continuously, blood is circulated around the body
Movement of blood around the circulatory system
Right atrium (low in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide) —> right ventricle (low in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide) —> lungs—> left atrium (low in carbon dioxide, high in oxygen) —> left ventricle (low in carbon dioxide, high in oxygen)
What happens when a plant cell is placed in a solution with a higher water potential?
- Cell expands and becomes turgid, but does not burst because of the cellulose cell wall
What happens when an animal cell is placed in a solution of high water potential?
- Cell expands and bursts due to the absence of cellulose cell wall
What happens when you put a plant cell in a solution of lower water potential?
- Cell becomes flaccid, then plasmolysed
What happens when an animal cell in placed in a solution of lower water potential ?
Animal cell crenates
Why is the left ventricle muscle wall thicker than the right ventricle muscle wall?
The blood forced out of the right ventricle muscle wall is deoxygenated blood that is sent to the lungs to absorb oxygen from the lungs, whereas the blood forced out of the right ventricle muscle wall is oxygenated blood that travels to all parts of the body.
The thicker muscle wall allows the left ventricle muscle wall to contact and generate a large force to travel a longer distance to all parts of the body
What are the three types for blood vessels?
Arteries, veins, and blood capillaries
What are the three types for blood vessels?
Arteries, veins, and blood capillaries
What is the function and structure of the arteries?
Function :transports blood away from the heart and towards the organs in the body
Structure: have thick, muscular walls that help to withstand high pressures when blood is forced out the heart
What is the function and structure of veins ?
Function: transport blood towards the heart
Structure : has relatively thin walls with less muscles but elastic tissues. Has valves that close to prevent the backflow of blood
What is the function and structure of the blood capillaries?
Function: allows the exchange of materials between the blood and tissue
Structure: one-cell thick wall of blood capillaries allows quick diffusion of digested food molecules and oxygen from the blood to the tissue cells
What is found in blood and what’s their purpose?
- Red blood cells for transport
- Blood plasma for transport
- White blood cells for protection
- Platelets for protection
Function of blood plasma
- Acts as a transport medium for dissolved substances (digested food molecules, mineral salts and waste substances)
- Contains water, which acts as a solvent for the substances in the blood which allows transport of these substances from one part of the body to another
- Removes carbon dioxide and other waste substances from the cells
- Transports other substances such as hormones
Function of white blood cell
Protect body against diseases
Function of white blood cell
Protect body against diseases
Function of blood platelets
Required for blood clotting during bleeding (not true cells)
What is transpiration
The process where water vapour is lost from the aerial parts of a plant, specially through the stomata on the underside of the leaves
What is the force that pulls water up the xylem vessel+ its definition
Transpiration pull, which enables water and mineral salts to move up the xylem vessels from the roots to the leaves of the plant.
When does wilting in a plant occur??
When the rate of water loss through transpiration is higher than the rate of water intake through absorption
