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PERICARDIAL DISEASE > TAMPONADE > Flashcards

TAMPONADE Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different ways to classify a pericardial effusion?

A

Timing
Size
Distribution
Hemodynamic effect

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2
Q

What is acute pericardial effusion?

A

< 1 week

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3
Q

What is subacute pericardial effusion?

A

> 1 week but < 3 months

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4
Q

What is chronic pericardial effusion?

A

> 3 months

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5
Q

What is a small pericardial effusion?

A

< 10 mm/1 cm

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6
Q

What is a moderate pericardial effusion?

A

10-20 mm
1- 2 cm

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7
Q

What is a large pericardial effusion?

A

> 20 mm
2 cm

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8
Q

Distribution of pericardial effusion?

A

Circumferential
Localized

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9
Q

Hemodynamic effect of pericardial effusion?

A

Without tamponade
With tamponade
Effusive-constrictive

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10
Q

Causes of pericardial effusion?

A

Infectious
Autoimmune
Pericardial injury syndromes
Metabolic
Malignancy
Radiation
Hemodynamic
Drugs & toxins

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11
Q

Which viruses can cause a pericardial effusion?

A

Coxsackie, Echoviruses, ParvoB19, CMV, EBV, adenoviruses Influenza, Mumps, Rubella, HIV, HCV, HBV, HHV-6

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12
Q

Which bacteria can cause a pericardial effusion?

A

Tuberculosis (MC)
Coxiella Brunetti
Staphylococcus
Mycoplasma
Legionella
Leptospira
Listeria

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13
Q

Which fungi can cause pericardial effusion?

A

Histoplasma
Aspergillosis
Blastomycosis
Candida

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14
Q

Which parasites can cause a pericardial effusion?

A

Toxoplasma
Echinococcus

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15
Q

Autoimmune conditions that can cause pericardial effusion?

A

SLE
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Sjorgen syndrome
Systemic Sclerosis
Bechet syndrome

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16
Q

Cancers which cause pericardial effusion?

A

Primary - rare - pericardial mesothelioma
Secondary metastatic - Lung, Breast, Melanoma, lymphoma

17
Q

Metabolic/Endocrine causes of pericardial effusion?

A

Uremia [ESRD]
Hypothyroidism

18
Q

Hemodynamic causes of pericardial effusion?

A

Heart failure
Liver disease
Nephrotic syndrome
Pulmonary hypertension
Hypoalbuminemia

19
Q

Radiation can cause pericardial effusion when?

A

Acute, subacute or even chronic

20
Q

Pericardial injury syndromes?

A

CABG
Post MI
Post EP ablation
Trauma
Post pericardiotomy syndrome

21
Q

Drugs that can cause pericardial effusion?

A

Hydralazine
Procainamide
Isonazoid
Duanorubcicin & Doxorubicin
Phenytoin
Penicillins (hypersensitivity)
Methotrexata
Cyclosporine

22
Q

Lab work up for pericardial effusion?

A

Markers of inflammation (ESR, CRP, WBC)
Markers of myocardial injury (Troponin)
Renal function
Liver function
Thyroid

PERICARDIAL DISEASE (3 decks)

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