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Flight Planning and Performance > Take-Off and Landing Performance > Flashcards

Take-Off and Landing Performance Flashcards

1
Q

Performance group for most light aircraft in the UK?

A

Group E

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2
Q

What safety factor should be applied to take-off according to the CAA?

A

1.33

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3
Q

What safety factor should be applied to landing according to the CAA?

A

1.43

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4
Q

1.33 safety factor is for?

A

Take-offs

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5
Q

1.43 safety factor is for?

A

Landings

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6
Q

What term is given for a mandatory limitation placed by the CAA on an aircraft’s performance data?

A

Performance writedown

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7
Q

What is the TOSS?

A

Takeoff Safety Speed

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8
Q

TOSS is otherwise known as?

A

V2

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9
Q

What does the measured takeoff distance measure?

A

Starting point to screen height of 50 feet at V2 or greater

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10
Q

Measured takeoff distance ends at what height?

A

50 feet

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11
Q

What does the TOSS denote?

A

20% margin over the stall

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12
Q

What is greater? Ground-run or take-off distance?

A

Take-off distance

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13
Q

How do flaps affect a ground run?

A

Decrease it (with lower level of flaps)

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14
Q

How do flaps affect take-off distance?

A

Does not reduce it as significantly as ground run due to reduced climb performance

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15
Q

How does increased weight increase take-off distance (in two components)?

A

Weight increases ground run (slower acceleration)
Weight worsens climb performance

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16
Q

How is friction involved in weight and ground run?

A

Greater weight means the frictional forces are increased and resist acceleration

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17
Q

Take-off factor: weight

A

1.2

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18
Q

10% increase in weight means _% increase of take-off distance?

A

20%

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19
Q

What two factors decrease air density?

A

Lower air pressure
Higher temperatur

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20
Q

On take-off, how will rotation speed based in IAS on ASI change with density altitude?

A

It will not change as IAS is a function of dynamic pressure

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21
Q

Factor to remember for density altitude and temperature increase for take-off distances?

A

1.1

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22
Q

A 1000ft increase in pressure altitude will affect take-off distance how?

A

Increase it by 10%

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23
Q

A 10 degrees increase in air temp will affect take-off distance how?

A

Increase it by 10%

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24
Q

How does headwind affect take-off distance?

A

It reduces it

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25
Q

How does tailwind affect take-off distance?

A

It increases it

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26
Q

Tailwind take-off distance factor

A

1.2

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27
Q

A tailwind increase of 10% will increase take-off distance by how much?

A

20%

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28
Q

Ideal tailwind limit?

A

5 knots

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29
Q

How does a tailwind affect ground run?

A

Acceleration is reduced due to drag increase from crosswind deflections

30
Q

Impact of short, dry grass on take-off distance?

A

Increase of 20%

31
Q

Impact of long, dry grass on take-off distance?

A

Increase of 25%

32
Q

Impact of long, wet grass on take-off distance?

A

Increase of 30%

33
Q

How does runway surface affect ground run?

A

The poorer the runway surface, the greater the ground run

34
Q

If grass is greater than ____ (length) then takeoff should not be attempted

A

10 inches

35
Q

A take-off distance increase of 20% due to runway surface means the runway surface is…?

A

Short, dry grass

36
Q

A take-off distance increase of 25% due to runway surface means the runway surface is…?

A

Long, dry grass

37
Q

A take-off distance increase of 30% due to runway surface means the runway surface is…?

A

Long, wet grass

38
Q

How does runway slope affect take-off distance?

A

An upslope will increase take-off distance

39
Q

What are WAT limits?

A

Take-off/landing weights that should not be exceeded at specific combinations of altitude and temperature

40
Q

When WAT limits are not given, what climb rate is expected as a minimum?

A

500 ft/min

41
Q

What runway distance corresponds to the physical length of the runway?

A

TORA

42
Q

What term is given to the obstacle-free zone at the end of a runway?

A

Clearway

43
Q

TORA + clearway =

A

TODA

44
Q

TODA should not exceed TORA by how much?

A

1.5

45
Q

How do TORA and TODA differ?

A

TORA is for ground-run
TODA is for take-off distance

46
Q

A rejected take-off is otherwise known as what?

A

Accelerated stop

47
Q

What is the emergency distance?

A

TORA + stopway

48
Q

How do stopways and clearways differ?

A

Stopways must be physical
Clearways can be ground or water

49
Q

Published TORA, TODA, LDA, ED and ASDA are known as what?

A

Declared distances

50
Q

Measured Landing Distance starts and stops when?

A

50ft over the runway at >1.3 V-Stall to a full-stop

51
Q

Landing Distance involves what configuration and landing?

A

Full-flap, no-power approach and maximum braking

52
Q

1.3 V-Stall provides what safety margin for speed in landing?

A

30% safety margin

53
Q

How does weight affect landing distance?

A

The greater the weight, the greater the landing distance

54
Q

How does weight affect landing distance in two ways?

A

Stalling speed is increased so landing speed is increases
Higher weight means brakes must work harder to absorb greater kinetic energy

55
Q

Landing weight factor

A

1.1

56
Q

An increase of 10% in aircraft weight affects landing distance how?

A

Increase of 10%

57
Q

How does density altitude affect landing distance?

A

The greater the density altitude, the greater the landing distance

58
Q

In what way does density altitude increase landing distance?

A

Greater density altitude means a greater approach TAS

59
Q

Density altitude landing factor

A

1.05

60
Q

A 1000ft density altitude increase or 10 degrees celsius increase has what effect on landing distance?

A

5%

61
Q

Why does a headwind reduce landing distance?

A

GS is reduced for the same TAS

62
Q

Tailwind landing factor

A

1.2

63
Q

A 10% tailwind increase will have what effect on landing speed?

A

20%

64
Q

What may occur during landing on wet surfaces?

A

Aquaplaning

65
Q

What happens to friction in aquaplaning?

A

Friction is zero

66
Q

When is aquaplaning likely to occur?

A

Higher groundspeeds

67
Q

How can aquaplaning be prevented if landing on a wet runway?

A

Landing into-wind so groundspeed is kept to a minimum

68
Q

How does a downslope affect landing distance?

A

It will increase landing distance

69
Q

Downslope landing distance factor

A

1.1

70
Q

A 2% downhill slope will have what effect on landing distance?

A

Increase it by 10%

71
Q

How should multiple landing factors be dealt with?

A

They are cumulative so should be multiplied

72
Q

How to calculate runway slope?

A

Altitude difference from each end/runway length

Flight Planning and Performance (7 decks)

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