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Animal Welfare > Take Home Messages > Flashcards

Take Home Messages Flashcards

1
Q

What offers the basics of animal protection ethics?

A

Biology and Veterinary Medicine

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2
Q

Define ‘Animal Welfare’?

A

An effort for a possible optimum in well-being, preventing pain and suffering, a claim by humans.

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3
Q

Data from the science of animal protection aims to make the discussion…

A

more professional.

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4
Q

What is animal protection dependent on?

A

Society and Politics

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5
Q

Pain and suffering can be concluded with…

A

Indicators and wisely designed experiments

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6
Q

Background music may…

A

Increase Milk Production

Calm Animals:

  • Mice, Rats Guinea Pigs (Bach-Effect)
  • Shelter dogs, Horses
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7
Q

Habituation to various noises may…

A

Prevent Shock (In rats and Chicks)

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8
Q

What music is effective for bioacustics?

A

1-60 bpm

  • Recurrent withing 1 minute*
  • Bach-Mozart*
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9
Q

How can musical bioacoustics be measured?

A

EEG, fMRI, NIRS

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10
Q

What are the short/longterm effects of bioacoustics?

A

Memory performance

Learning

Epilepsy

Gene expression in the brain

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11
Q

What was observed with the behaviour of chimpanzees to music?

A

A significan positive effect

Less aggressive and excitable behaviour

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12
Q

List the 5 freedoms

A

Animals kept under intensive livestock husbandry are free:

  1. From hunger and Thirst
  2. From discomfort
  3. From pain, Injury or disease
  4. To express normal behaviour
  5. From fear and distress
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13
Q

Instinct can be summised that

A

Simple stiumuli trigger a fixed behaviour

e.g Hunger

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14
Q

Give the 5 forms of learning

A
  1. Habituation
  2. Imprinting
  3. Insight Learning
  4. Observational Learning
  5. Associative Learning:

(Classic Conditioning, Operant Contditioning, Latent Learning)

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15
Q

Exploratory behaviour requires…

A

Environmental Enrichment

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16
Q

Evidence of animals with conciousness are…

A

The octopus

Observed retrieving and manipulating coconut shells to use as a shell.

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17
Q

What evidence was used to prove self-awareness in dogs?

A

Sniff test of self-recognition (STSR)

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18
Q

Give a situation that may lead to populations developing social groups

A

When resources are distributed in a way that supports group living

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19
Q

Peck order is observed in…

A

Birds

Wolves

Baboons

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20
Q

Courtship is a type of…

A

Fixed Action Pattern

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21
Q

What is resource holding potential (RHP)?

A

The ability to defend resources:

  • Mating opportunities
  • Territories
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22
Q

Give the diagram of the Hawk-Dove model

A

V = Fitness Value

C = Costs

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23
Q

What is territoriality?

A

Animals defend territories:

  • When it is economically advantageous
  • During self-protection against conspecifics

This doesn’t happen if this isn’t the case

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24
Q

Give the 6 types of communication

A
  1. Language
  2. Optic
  3. Chemical
  4. Acoustic
  5. Tactile
  6. Electric
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25
Q

Give two examples of Altruism

A
  • An individual giving an alarm signal is always in bigger danger than the conspecifics
  • Sterile Males in a Termite Tower
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26
Q

What is Hamilton’s Rule, what does it mean?

A

r B > C

Altruism can occur via natural selection

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27
Q

What is pain?

A

Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage

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28
Q

Describe the reflex response to painful stimuli

A

Fixed action pattern:

Along spinal cord to brain, body then gives a return signal

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29
Q

What occired in Weiss’ rat trials?

A

Rat 1: Light was presented to rats followed by an electric shock

Rat 2: As above only without a clear relationship between the light and shock

Rat 1 could turn a wheel to turn the shock off

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30
Q

What is Corticothalamic ‘Blunting’?

A

Release of endorphines during excited emotional states and severe tissue damage

Analgesic effect

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31
Q

What are the sources of painful stimuli?

A

Hunger and Thirst

Parasites

Slaughering

Chronic Illness

Surgery and Experimental Procedures

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32
Q

Give an evaluation of discomfort and pain

A

Based on analogy

Differences between species

Behviour analysis assists the evaluation

Main paramters are: Behaviour, Physiology and Pathology

33
Q

Give the Facial Action Units (FAU) for the Grimace Scale

A

Orbital Tightening

Nose Bulge

Cheek Bulge

Ear Position

Whisker Change

34
Q

Give the 63/2010 EU Pain Categories

A

0: None (Less than an injection)

1: Mild or Light

2: Moderate or Medium

3: Substantial or Severe

4: With aesthesia and oversleeping

35
Q

What was banned in the EU in 2012?

A

The conventional battery cage

36
Q

What is ‘Cruelty to animals’?

A

Infliction by humans of suffering or harm

37
Q

What is zoophilia?

A

Sexual fixation on non-human animals

38
Q

What is the alternative to the ‘fight or flight’ response

(Not appropriate for gestant and suckling females)

A

Tend and Befriend

39
Q

What are the effects of cortisol?

A

Blood glucose production

Maintenance of brain integrity

Milk production

40
Q

What is the vicious cycle of stress?

A

Threat →

Fight-or-Flight →

(If chronic) cortisol feedback →

More CRH produced

41
Q

What are the main sources of distress under human control?

A

Feeding

Keeping

Housing Conditions

Social Environment

Unsocial environment

Ventilation (Ammonia)

42
Q

Give examples of environmental enrichment

A

Feed

Social Environment

Sensory Stimuli

Movement

Hiding possibility

Physical Space

Toy

(These are requirements)

43
Q

What is an ethogram?

A

A catalogue or table of all the different kinds of behaviour or activity observed in an animal.

E.g Nest building, grooming

44
Q

Calhoun’s classic trials measured…

A

The effect of crowdedness on the social behaviour of animals

45
Q

Give practical uses of pheromones

A

Boar Spray: Synchronise virgin gilts

Antidepressant dog spray

Relaxant Cat spray

46
Q

What is intensive farming?

A

Production in order to maximise production output while minimising production costs

47
Q

What are the Cons of intensive farming?

A

No normal behaviour

Limited space to move

No stimuli

Stress and frustration develop, causing aggressiveness and fear

48
Q

Give brief historical keystones of intensive/factory farming

A

Vaccines used to reduce disease

Genetic manipulation: Cheaper production

49
Q

A breeding sow is seen as…instead of a living animal

50
Q

Broiler farms slaughter animals between…

51
Q

Broiler birds have disturbed…

A

Light/dark cycles

52
Q

Fast muscle and fat growth of broilers can lead to…

A

Skeletal deformations and diseases

53
Q

Male birds in the egg industry are killed by…

A

Smashing, Gasification or suffocation

54
Q

How can you avoid feather pecking?

A

Feeding, occupation, dimmed light

55
Q

Give the animal welfare aspects of Pig fattening

A

High piglet mortality rate

Cannibalism/ tail docking

Castration without analgesia

Disturbed natural behaviour

56
Q

Give the animal welfare aspects on breeding sows

A

Disturbed and limited natural behaviour

Wounds from crates and bites in group keeping

lameness, damage of joints/hoofs

57
Q

Give the animal welfare aspects on beef cattle

A

High population density

Heirarchy fights

Dehorning

Tail necrosis

Steroids in the US

58
Q

Give the animal welfare aspects of aquaculture

A

Parasitosis

Endangered natural flora and fauna

59
Q

What does IMTA stand for?

A

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture

60
Q

Give the animal welfare aspects on transportation

A

Max 28 hours without stopping

Heat and cold stress

Poor access to water/feed

Vehicle Overloading

61
Q

Give the animal welfare aspects on Slaughter

A

Imperfect Stunning

High stress level

Problematic Staff

Overloading

62
Q

Give four obligatory rules for farming

A

No Battery

No Crates

No Dehorning

No Debeaking

63
Q

‘The real difference between humans and other animals is that humans alone have a perception of good and evil’ was an opinion of…

64
Q

‘Martin’s Act’ passed into British law in…

65
Q

What is ‘ultima ratio’ in the criminal law?

A

Principle of criminalisation at a last resort

66
Q

In the last decade, the world meat production has been…

A

Increasing

67
Q

‘Speciesism’ is a theory by…

68
Q

What is Anthropomorphising?

A

Attributing human characteristics to Animals

69
Q

According to McInerney, the highest level of productivity is at the point of…

A

Minimum Welfare

70
Q

What is externality?

A

Unintentional Influence

71
Q

Which doesn’t refer to the ongoing mass extinction?

  1. Holocene Extinction
  2. Anthropocene Extinction
  3. Sixth Extinction
  4. Seventh Extinction
A

Seventh Extinction

72
Q

According to McInerney, the highest level of animal welfare is at the point of…

A

Greatest Animal Benefit

73
Q

Legal personality means…

A

Being capable of holding legal rights and obligations

74
Q

According to the G.A.P movements, some kind of human rights should be given to…

A

Chimpanzee, Bonobo, Orangutang, Gorilla

75
Q

When and where did the World’s first legislation that grant legal personhood rights to all great apes get passed?

A

Balearic Islands 2007

76
Q

What are the 3-4 R’s?

A

Reduction

Replacement

Refinement

Rehabilitation

77
Q

What are the three L’s?

A

Live

Love

Laugh

78
Q

What are the sustainable 3 E’s?

A

Economy, Environment, Ethics

Animal Welfare (1 decks)

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