Take 1

Question 1

axial skeleton

Answer 1

cranium, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

Question 2

appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

upper extremity bones (shoulder arm forearm wrist) and lower extremity bones, including pectoral (shoulder - scapula and clavicle) and pelvic girdles

Question 3

synovial joints

Answer 3

connection between two bony structures covered in hyaline cartilage; contains cavity between bones involved.

Question 4

synovial membrane

Answer 4

membrane surrounding hyaline cartilage that secretes lubricating and nourishing synovial fluid.

Question 5

joint capsule

Answer 5

outer fibrous layer in synovial joints containing synovial membrane, bony surfaces, and synovial/joint cavity.

Question 6

pectoral girdle

Answer 6

shoulder - scapula and clavicle

Question 7

glenohumeral joint (GH)

Answer 7

joint between scapula, clavicle, and humorous

Question 8

clavicle

Answer 8

• s shaped, long bone at shoulder level

- articulation: proximally with sternum, scapula distally

Question 9

scapula: bony processes, and which is anterior?

Answer 9

-two bony processes (acromion, coracoid process) project anteriorly; coracoid is more anterior.

Question 10

glenoid cavity

Answer 10

hyaline lined depression in scapula, site of glenohumoral joint.

Question 11

humerus: proximal to distal

Answer 11

• proximal to distal: anatomical neck, surgical neck, deltoid tuberosity
• @head humerus: greater tubercle

Question 12

humerus - tubercles anterio-medial to posterio-lateral

Answer 12

greater tubercle is lateral; lesser tubercle is anterior; lesser tubercle, inter tubercular groove, greater tubercle.

Question 13

acromioclavaicular (AC) joint

Answer 13

anterior side of acromion - lateral edge of clavicle.

Question 14

sternoclavicular joint (SC)

Answer 14

synovial joint between clavicle’s medial end and manubrium of sternum; attaches pectoral girdle to axial skeleton

Question 15

ligaments between humerus and scapula

Answer 15

superior, middle, inferior glenohumeral ligament

Question 16

ligaments from coracoid to acromion to clavicle

Answer 16

coracoacromial, acromioclavicular ligaments

Question 17

ligaments between coracoid and clavicle, medial to lateral

Answer 17

coracoclavicular - conoid, then trapezoid (then coracoacromial)

Question 18

humerus movements - anterior, lateral, rotation, and combinations

Answer 18

flexion/extension; abduction/adduction; interior/medial or exterior/lateral rotation; and circumduction.

Question 19

deltoid - origin insertion innervation fxn

Answer 19

O: u-shaped from lateral 1/3 clavicle to acromion to scapula spine; I: deltoid tuberosity on lateral humerus shaft; N: axillary nerve; F: arm abduction.

Question 20

four rotator cuff muscles

Answer 20

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis (SITS); surround glenohumeral joint

Question 21

order of rotator cuff muscles lateral view from anterior counter clock wise

Answer 21

subscapularis, supraspinatus, interspinatus, teres minor.

Question 22

supraspinatus: O I N F

Answer 22

O: supraspinous fossa; I: greater tubercle of humerus (superior facet); N: supra scapular nerve; F: initiates abduction

Question 23

infraspinatus: O I N F

Answer 23

O: infraspinous fossa; I: greater tubercle of humerus (middle facet); N: supra scapular nerve; F: laterally rotates arm

Question 24

teres minor O I N F

Answer 24

O: lateral border of scapula; I: greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet); N: axillary nerve; F: lateral arm rotation

Question 25

subscapularis O I N F

Answer 25

O: subscapular fossa; I: lesser tubercle of humerus; N: upper and lower sub scapular nerves; F: adducts, medial rotation arm.

Question 26

triceps brachii landmark - how teres major minor relate

Answer 26

long head attaches infraglenoid tubercle; long head anterior to teres minor, posterior to teres major

Question 27

teres major O I N F

Answer 27

O: (inferior lower) lateral border of scapula; I: anterior side of humerus; N: lower sub scapular nerve; F: extension, medial rotation arm.

Question 28

quadrangular space - 4 things

Answer 28

triceps brachii long head, teres minor (post), teres major (ant), humerus

Question 29

quadrangular space - nerves traveling through

Answer 29

axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vessels

Question 30

triangular space - 3 muscles

Answer 30

triceps brachii long head, teres major (inf ant), teres minor (sup post)

Question 31

triangular space - nerves traveling through

Answer 31

circumflex scapular artery

Question 32

triangular interval - 3 things

Answer 32

triceps brachii long head, teres major, humerus

Question 33

triangular interval - nerves traveling

Answer 33

radial nerve and deep artery of arm (profunda brachii)

Question 34

suprascaular notch - nerves passing

Answer 34

suprascapular artery, vessels and nerve; artery travels superficial to transverse scapular ligament nerve passing deep. (A)rmy goes over bridge, (N)avy goes under. They supply both supra and infraspinatus.

Question 35

latissimus dorsi humeral insertion

Answer 35

intertubercular groove anterior and slightly superior to teres major insertion.

Question 36

serratus anterior inneration

Answer 36

long thoracic nerves

Question 37

long thoracic nerve innervates _____

Answer 37

serratus anterior

Question 38

pectoralis major O I N F

Answer 38

O: clavicular head (medial 1/2 of clavicle), sternocostal head (sternum and adjacent costal cartilage); I: anterior side of humerus, lateral lip of inter tubercular groove; N: medial and lateral pectoral nerves; F: flexes, adducts, medial rotation arm.

Question 39

pectoralis minor O I N F

Answer 39

O: ribs 3 through 5; I: coracoid process of scapula; N: medial pectoral nerve; F: depresses scapula

Question 40

deltopectoral groove (clavi-deltopectoral triangle)

Answer 40

space between anterior deltoid medial border and pectoralis major lateral edge

Question 41

what goes through deltopectoral groove

Answer 41

cephalic vein.

Question 42

collateral circulation (anastomoses)

Answer 42

the enlargement of surrounding arterial vessels around an occluded artery, to circumvent the occlusion and continue distal tissue perfusion.

Question 43

two pathways of scapular collateral circulation

Answer 43

bypass axillary artery via dorsal scapular artery anatomizing with the circumflex scapular artery, part of sub scapular artery, which follows scapula lateral border to distal axillary artery. Second detour: supra scapular artery (superficial to transverse scapular ligament) through supraspinous fossa, descends to distal axillary artery.