Tajweed fra internettet Flashcards
Hvad betyder Tajweed?
The pure meaning of the word is โto perfect, to beautify, or to improveโ
Hvorfor er Tajweed vigtigt?
Not only does it beautify the recitation, but learning Tajweed also ensures the message is not distorted by mistake
Hvad er en mรฅde hvorpรฅ man kan forbedre sin tajweed?
- One can still practice by themselves by recording the section they recite and listening to it alongside a professional reciter of the Quran (such as Sh. Mahmoud Khalil al-Husary, Mohammed Ayoub, or Mishary Alafasy).
- Anytime you want to practice or follow along, listening to professional reciters can help teach the correct pronunciation of letters and proper Tajweed rules.
Definition
Hvad er ghunnah?
Nasal sound
This is the sound that comes out from your nose when pronouncing certain letters.
Pinch your nose so that you are unable to breathe from it. Now try saying words that start with โmโ or โnโ. You will feel your nose vibrate if you hold that letter.
Like saying โMmmmโ when seeing tasty food!
**Definition*
Hvad er saakin?
Sakinah/Sakin: This refers to a letter with sukoon.
Axkaam nuun as saakinah
Hvad handler emnet Noon Sakinah & Tanween om?
This Tajweed rule concerns the vowels and letters that create the โnnnโ sound such as:
- Noon sakinah ูู
- Letters with tanween (a double vowel that adds the noon sound to the applied letter)
- ุจูุง (ban)
- ุจู (bin)
- ุจู (boon)
Axkaam nuun as saakinah
Hvilke 4 underkategorier er der til axkaam nuun as saakinah?
- Idhaar (to make clear)
- Idghaam (to merge)
- Iqlaab (to convert)
- Ikhfaa (to hide)
Axkaam nuun as saakinah
Hvor mange bogstaver kommer under 1.Idhaar? Og hvilke
If noon sakinah ูู or a tanween is followed by these 6 letters
[ุก ู ุน ุญ ุบ ุฎ]
then pronounce the noon normally (without ghunnah.)
Axkaam nuun as saakinah
Hvad er de to kategorier under 2.idghaam? Hvilke bogtsvaer hรธrer under hver kategori?
There are two forms of Idghaam:
-
One with ghunnah
- If these letters [ู ู ู ู] are followed after a noon sakinah or tanween, then skip the ghunnah from the noon, but instead apply the ghunnah with the followed letter. -
One without. Ghunnah:
- If these letters [ู ุฑ] are followed after a noon sakinah or tanween, then skip noon and pronounce the followed letter without ghunnah.
Axkaam nuun as saakinah
Hvor mange bogstaver kommer under 2.Idghaam? Og hvilke
6 bogstaver - [ู ู ู ู ู ุฑ]
Axkaam nuun as saakinah
Hvor mange bogstaver kommer under 3.Iqlaab? Og hvilke
1 bogstav - [ุจ]
If there is a [ุจ] followed after a noon sakinah or tanween, then turn the ghunnah into a [ู ] by pronouncing the meem, but still pronouncing the [ุจ] afterward.
Axkaam nuun as saakinah
Hvor mange bogstaver kommer under 4.ikhfaa? Og hvilke?
14 bogstaver - [ ุช ุซ ุฌ ุฏ ุฐ ุณ ุด ุต ุถ ุท ุธ ู ู ู ].
Ikhfaa applies to the remaining letters not mentioned
One should hide the noon sakinah or tanween but apply ghunnah.
The level of ghunnah depends on the specific letter that is followed after.
Adjust the lips and mouth as if you are about to pronounce the letter after the noon sakinah or tanween.
(One should listen to recitation for this rule especially)
Noon & Meem Mushaddad
Hvad er regelen for Noon & Meem Mushaddad?
This is a simple Tajweed rule that only applies to two letters.
If a noon or a meem has shaddah, then pronounce a 2 beat ghunnah.
This is still applied when stopping on the letter.
Careful not to extend the sound of the letter, but only the ghunnah.
ุซูู
ูู = thummma
ุฅูููู = innna
Meem Sakinah
Hvad handler reglerne for โMeem Sakinahโ om?
Handler om seem med sukuun, og de bogstaver der kommer efter?
- This Tajweed rule has the same sub-rulings as noon sakinah and tanween, but not as many specific letter applications.
Meem Sakinah
Hvilke kategorier kommer under Meem Sakinahโ?
3 kategorier
1. Ikhfaa Shafawy
2. Idghaam Shafawy
3. Izhaar Shafawy
Meem Sakinah
Hvor mange bogstaver kommer under 1.Ikhfaa Shafawy? Og hvilke?
1 bogstav - ุจ
If a [ุจ] is followed after a meem sakinah, then apply a ghunnah while hiding the meem sakin before continuing to the [ุจ].
Meem Sakinah
Hvor mange bogstaver kommer under 2. Idghaam Shafawy?
1 bogstav - meem
If the start of the word begins with a meem and is followed with a meem sakinah, then merge the words through the meem and apply ghunnah.
Meem Sakinah
Hvor mange bogstaver kommer under 3. Izhaar Shafawy?
Resten af bogstaverner
This sub-rule applies to the rest of the letters when they follow a meem sakinah. Simply pronounce the meem clearly without ghunnah and no merging to the next letter.
ุฃูููู ู ุชูุฑู = Alam tara
Qalqalah
Hvad handler reglen for qalqalah om?
- This Tajweed rule means โechoingโ and the application is to create an echoing sound at the end of the pronunciation of certain letters.
- The purpose of this rule is to differentiate between letters that have similar sounds when one stops on them (letter with sukoon, end of ayah, or taking a breath). It also helps create flow within the recitation.
-
Qalqalah
Hvilke bogstaver hรธrer under qalqalah reglen?
The Qalqalah letters are as follows (5):
** [ู ุท ุจ ุฌ ุฏ ]**
There are three places that the reciter needs to be wary of when performing Qalqalah.
When it occurs in the middle of a word, then it is a quick echo and a smooth continuation to the next letter. It is like a shaddah, but without the clear extension of the vowel.
** Al Madd**
Hvad handler reglen om madd om?
- Madd affects letters which the reciter needs to stretch longer than they usually would. The elongation differs depending on the situation and the symbol present.
- The length of the Madd is usually described by the number of harakat or beats.
Each different sub-rule has its name, but to keep things clear and concise they are grouped by the number of beats instead.
** Al Madd**
Hvilke bogstaver er der for madd?
3 bogstaver
[ ุง ู ู ]
** Al Madd**
Hvor mange og hvad er kategorierne for mad?
4 kategorier
1. Two Beat Madd
2. Flexible Madd (two, four, or six)
3. Four Beat Madd
4. Six Beat Madd
** Al Madd**
Hvad handler reglen for Two Beat Madd om?
- When one of the Madd letters is connected to another letter not followed by a hamza or letter with sukoon, then elongate it for only two beats.
ุฏููููููู ู = dee nukum
If one stops at a word that ends in a tanween fatha, turn the tanween into an alif Madd.
ุฃูููููุงุฌูุง โ= Aff waa jaa
- This is referred to as the natural Madd.
- If a hamza precedes a Madd letter, then the prolongation is still only 2 beats.
** Al Madd**
Hvad handler 2. Flexible Madd (two, four, or six) reglen for om?
If one stops at a word in which there is a Madd before the last letter, then one can exaggerate the Madd to four or six beats.
ุฅููููฐูู ุงููููุงุณู = ilaa hinnnaaaas
Two beats is still the minimum required here and one can do the elongation to four or six only if they stop at the word
** Al Madd**
Hvad handler reglen 3. Four Beat Madd om?
If there is a Madd letter in the middle of a word and a hamza follows it, the Madd should be prolonged by four or five beats.
ุฅูุฐูุง ุฌูุงุกู = idhaa jaaaa a
Similarly, if the word ends in a Madd and the beginning of the next word starts with a hamza, then the Madd should again be prolonged by four or five beats.
** Al Madd**
Hvad handler reglen 4. Six Beat Madd om?
If a letter with a shaddah follows a Madd letter, then the Madd letter should be prolonged for 6 beats
ููููุง ุงูุถููุงูููููู = wa laddaaaaaalleeen
If a letter with a sukoon follows after a Madd letter, then the Madd letter should be prolonged for 6 beats.
