TAD Test 1 Flashcards
Which of the following best describes the term validity?
The strength of our conclusions, inferences or propositions
True or False. A threat to validity, by definition is, any factor that influences the results of the experiment (How sure can you be that A+B=C? Is there some other variable causing the effect)?
True
What are the two types of validity?
Internal and External
When we are trying to make a link between the interventions or programs examined and the outcomes observed (One thing leading to another), this is known as?
Internal validity
True or False. Internal Validity asks if there is a relationship between the program and the outcome we saw, is it a causal relationship?
True
The ability to generalize the results of our study to other settings (Will the results be the same in other settings, times and conditions), is known as?
External validity
When an experiment compares an experimental group with a control group, but the subjects of the study are not randomly assigned to the categories, this is known as?
QE1
Which of the following are true for comparison between the experimental group and a control group, when the subjects of the study are not randomly assigned to the categories?
Outcome can be due to some preexisting difference between experiment and control
A long series of observations made before the treatment and another long series of observations made after the treatment (Ox…Ox…Ox..Ox..Ox..Ox..Ti…Ox..Ox..Ox..Ox..), is known as?
QE-2
True or False. Under QE-2, trends established before treatment allows researcher to predict what might have happened without the intervention?
True
True or False. Under QE-2, confounding factors not accounted for may explain the change?
True
A ______ combines the use of control groups with time series data?
QE-3
Which of the following models is known to be the strongest?
QE-3
Which of the following groups generally conducts police research?
Professional researchers (University folks, Not for profit think tanks, and NGO’s)
When people want to be correct in their ideas of the world and pay the most attention to evidence that supports their ideas, while paying little attention to evidence that doesn’t support their ideas, this is known as?
Confirmation bias
A model or framework for observation and understanding, which shapes both what we see and how we understand it is known as?
Paradigm
Who is known for the study of paradigms?
Thomas Kuhn
True or False. Paradigms are fundamental frames of reference?
True
Discoveries are rear because __________?
Our expectations cloud our vision.
Failure to see beyond one’s basic assumptions about how things operate in a field is known as?
Blindspots
True or False. According to Joel Barker, all of the following are observations about paradigms?
*Paradigms are common (The apply to all areas of our lives)
*Paradigms are useful (They show us what is important)
*A warning: Sometimes paradigms become the paradigm- the only way to do something (New ideas are rejected out of hand. Baker calls this Paradigm paralysis)
*The people who create new paradigms are usually outsiders
*The paradigm pioneers must be courageous
*You can choose to change paradigms – to see the world anew.
True
What is the normal process of scientific revolutions?
Normal Science, Model Drift, Model Crisis, Model Revolution, Paradigm Change.
What is mobilization?
The process by which the legal system acquires its cases.
True or False. The mobilization of law is the link between the law and the people serve/ controlled by the law.
True
True or False. Mobilization is the process by which a legal system acquires its cases?
True
The Law is _______?
Governmental social control
What are the types of mobilization of the law?
Reactive and Proactive
When a citizen sets the legal process into motion (Call for Service), this is known as _______ mobilization?
Reactive
When the state initiates legal action upon its own authority, this is known as ___________ mobilization?
Proactive
The Structure of mobilization impacts upon _____
A. Legal intelligence
B. The availability of law
C. The organization of discretion
D. Legal change
ALL OF THESE
True or False. The knowledge a legal system has about law violations in a jurisdiction is known as legal intelligence?
True
True or False. Under “Legal Intelligence”, the reactive system places responsibility on the citizens (So what they can’t see or ignore we are blind to and any naïveté or ignorance is absorbed in the reactive system)
What they can’t see or ignore we are blind to.
True or False. Under the reactive system in Legal Intelligence, since any naiveté or ignorance is absorbed in this system, there is a need for the proactive for certain types of crimes (Morals control)?
True
Under Legal Intelligence, for the reactive system case basis tends to _______so there is a need to collect data and look for patterns.
Hide patterns and trends
True or False. Under “Legal Intelligence”, prevention is strong in the reactive system.
False
True or False. The availability of law is access of the legal system to cases, but not the access of citizens to the law?
False
The reactive system is the ________ model of the law?
Entrepreneurial model of law
True or False. Under the concept of the availability of law, for the reactive system, each citizen will voluntarily and rationally pursue his or her own interests (Market Economy)?
True