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elbow > table, figures and new > Flashcards

table, figures and new Flashcards

1
Q

What non MSK can refer pain to the elbow?

A
  1. acute MI
  2. pancoast tumour
  3. esophageal motor disease
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2
Q

What non MSK can cause elbow pain?

A
  1. Gout/pseuodogout
  2. Septic arthtitis
  3. hemarthrosis
  4. soft tissue abscess
  5. cellulitis
  6. reactive athritis
  7. CA
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3
Q

What are the gender differences in carrying angle

A

females 13-16

males 11-14

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4
Q

What are the greater and lessor sigmoid notch of the ulna

A

greater - articular surface of the proximal unla with the trochlea of the humerus
lessor - articular surface of the proximal ulna with the radial head

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5
Q

What are the three fossae of the distal humerus

A
  1. radial
  2. coraonoid
  3. olecranon
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6
Q

How much of the radial head articulates with the ulnar

A
  1. 240 degrees articulates as some point during pronation and supination
  2. the ramaining 140 degrees is the “safe zone” for surgery
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7
Q

What muscle attaches to the coronoid process

A

brachialis

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8
Q

What is the oblique cord of the elbow

A

thickening of the fascia of the supinator extending from the medial side of of the proximal ulnar just past the biceps insertion on the radius

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9
Q

Describe the mechanics of the forearm interosseus membrane

A
  1. constructed of a central band and several accessory bands
  2. distributes load from radius to ulna during weight bearing
  3. peak strain in neutral forearm position
  4. dictates ulnar movement
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10
Q

What joints does the elbow capsule surround

A

All three elbow joints

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11
Q

At what point is the elbow joint most lax

A

70-90

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12
Q

what are the parts of the UCL and when are the tight in the ROM

A
  1. anterior - anterior - full extension to 60 - posterior 60 to 120
  2. posterior - 90 flexion
  3. transverse
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13
Q

What the parts of the LCL of the elbow and when are they tensioned

A
  1. annular ligmaent
  2. radial portion
  3. ulnar portion

tensioned in flexion and extension and into supintion

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14
Q

Describe the attachments of the radial portion of the LCL of the elbow

A
  • lateral epicondyle

- annular ligament

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15
Q

Supinator is most closely associated with which ligmemt of the wlbow

A
  • radial portion of the LCL

- oblique cord

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16
Q

Which anterior elbow flexor has thee greatest mechanical advatage?

A

brachioradialis

17
Q

what muscle make up the “mobile wad”

A
  1. ECRB
  2. ED
  3. EDM
  4. ECU
18
Q

What muscle it the primary supinator

A

biceps

19
Q

What are the main aterial structures of the elbow

A
  1. brachial
  2. radial
  3. ulnar
20
Q

Is supination greater in elbow extension or flexion

A

flexion

21
Q

what is the primary stabilizer for varus and valgus stress at 0 and 90 degree elbow flexion

A

vlagus - 0 degree - ECL, ant cap and bone about same
valgus - 90 degree - UCL primary followed by bone and capsuel
Varus - 0 degree - BONE, ant cap, RCL
varus - 90 degre - BONE slight cap and RCL

22
Q

what are the risk factors for developing lateral elbow tendinopathy

A
  • 35-50
  • female
  • high work levels
  • low social support at work
  • strenuous categories of work
23
Q

What is Mill’s test

A
  • flexion of the fingers and wrist
    -extension of elbow and shoulder
    production of elbow pain
24
Q

Risk facotres for medial elbow pain

A
  1. men and women equal
  2. dominate arm
  3. “forceful work’
25
Q

Risk factors for biceps tendon rupture

A

male, 4th-6th decade, anabolic steriod use

26
Q

Describe basics of the bicep rupture repair

A
  • highest risk for re-rupture is 3 weeks
  • full PROM by 4 weeks
  • strengthening starts 6-8 weeks
  • unrestricted activity 8-16 weeks
27
Q

What are the most common senarios leading the varus instability of the elbow

A
  1. complex elbow dislocation
  2. varus elbow stress
  3. iatrongenic causes
28
Q

What is a posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI)?

A

the proximal radius and ulna externally rotate together as a unit in relation to the humerus causing posterior subluxation or dislocation of the radial head relative to the capitellum, without associated instability of the proximal radioulnar joint

29
Q

What is Varus posteromedial instability?

A

elbow instabiltiy associated with subluxation of the elbow resulting in RCL avulsion and fracture of the anteriomedial tip of the coronoid

30
Q

What is best way to approach Varus posteromedial instability

A

surgery

31
Q

what is the most common mechanism of injury for PLRI?

A

combination of axial compression, valgus stress, and supination

32
Q

How long she shoulder abudction be avoided with RCL is repaired

A

4-6 weeks

33
Q

What are the phases of throwing?

A
  1. wind-up
  2. stride
  3. arm cocking
  4. arm acceleration
  5. arm deceleration
  6. follow through
34
Q

UCL strains typically occur in what part of the throwing phases

A

cocking to acceleration

35
Q

What special test would you use to confirm PLRI?

A

lateral pivot shift - Supine with the shoulder passively
flexed past 90.° The elbow begins in extension, the examiner applies axial compression through the ulna and radius towards the humerus with a supination and valgus force causing the elbow to subluxate at ~40° - 70° of elbow flexion. If the patient allows the passive examination to continue, then an observable clunk occurs with continued flexion as the elbow reduces.

36
Q

medial elbow differential diagnosis

A 
1. c spine C7-T1
2 TOS
3. shoulder MSK
4. ulnar nerve
5. medial elbow instability
6. medial tendinosis
7. posteromedial impingement/valgus etension overload syndrome
37
Q

how should you brace a person with an LCL and MCL deficient elbow

A
  1. LCL put them in pronation
  2. MCL put inte in supination
  3. both mid range
38
Q

Normal return to sport time from follow ostechondritis dissicans injury

A

6 months

elbow (3 decks)

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