TABLE AND FIGURES

Question 1

1990 = _____ mSv

Radon
Cosmic
Terrestrial
Internal
Medical
Consumer

Answer 1

= 3.6 mSv

Radon 2.0
Cosmic 0.3
Terrestrial 0.3
Internal 0.4
Medical 0.5
Consumer 0.1

Question 2

2006 = _____ mSv

Radon
Cosmic
Terrestrial
Internal
Medical
Consumer

Answer 2

= 6.3 mSv

Radon 2.0
Cosmic 0.3
Terrestrial 0.3
Internal 0.4
Medical 3.2
Consumer 0.1

Question 3

Distribution of active bone marrow in adults

Answer 3

Anatomic Site/Percentage of Bone Marrow
Head - 10
Upper limb girdle - 8
Sternum - 3
Ribs - 11
Cervical vertebrae - 4
Thoracic vertebrae - 13
Lumbar vertebrae - 11
Sacrum - 11
Lower limb girdle - 29

Total: 100

Question 4

_____ is the gonad dose that, if received by every member of the population, would produce the total genetic effect on the population as the sum of the individual doses actually received

Answer 4

Genetically Significant Dose (GSD)

Question 5

Genetically Significant Dose Estimated from Diagnostic X-ray Examination

Answer 5

Population / GSD (mGyt)
Denmark - 220
Great Britain - 120
Japan - 270
New Zealand - 120
Sweden - 720
United States - 200

Question 6

Representative Patient Radiation Dose from Various Radiographic Procedures: Technique (kVp/mAs)

Answer 6

Examination/Technique (kVp/mAs)
Skull - 76/50
Chest - 110/3
Cervical Spine - 70/40
Lumbar Spine - 72/60
Abdomen - 74/60
Pelvis - 70/50
Extremity - 60/5
CT Head - 125/300
CT Pelvis - 125/400

Question 7

Representative Patient Radiation Dose from Various Radiographic Procedures: Entrance Skin Exposure (mGya)

Answer 7

Examination/Entrance Skin Exposure (mGya)
Skull - 2.0
Chest - 0.1
Cervical Spine - 1.5
Lumbar Spine - 3.0
Abdomen - 4.0
Pelvis - 1.5
Extremity - 0.5
CT Head - 40.0
CT Pelvis - 20.0

Question 8

Representative Patient Radiation Dose from Various Radiographic Procedures: Mean Marrow Dose (mGyt)

Answer 8

Examination/Mean Marrow Dose (mGyt)
Skull - 0.10
Chest - 0.02
Cervical Spine - 0.10
Lumbar Spine - 0.60
Abdomen - 0.30
Pelvis - 0.20
Extremity - 0.02
CT Head - 0.20
CT Pelvis - 0.50

Question 8

Representative Patient Radiation Dose from Various Radiographic Procedures: Gonadal Dose (mGyt)

Answer 8

Examination/Gonadal Dose (mGyt)
Skull - <1
Chest - <1
Cervical Spine - <1
Lumbar Spine - 2.25
Abdomen - 1.25
Pelvis - 1.50
Extremity - <1
CT Head - 0.50
CT Pelvis - 20

Question 9

For the average fluoroscopic examination, one can assume an ESD of _____

Answer 9

ESD: 40 mGyt/min

Question 10

Glandular dose should not exceed _____ with contact mammography and _____ with a grid

Answer 10

1 mGyt/view and 3 mGyt/view

Question 10

_____ and _____ currently are the only acceptable technique

Answer 10

Screen-film and digital mammography

Question 11

It should never be necessary to repeat a _____

Answer 11

Digital Radiographic Examination

Question 11

Gonad Shielding

Gonad shielding should be considered for all patients, especially children and those who are potentially reproductive. As an administrative procedure, this would include all patients younger than _____ and perhaps even older man.

_____ should be used when the gonads lie in or near the useful beam

Proper _____ and _____ should not be relaxed when gonad shields are in use

Gonad shielding should be used only when it does _____ with obtaining the required diagnostic information

Answer 11

40 years of age
Gonad shielding
Patient positioning and beam collimation
Not interfere