Table 5.2

Question 1

Rooting:
Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 1

Onset age: 28 weeks gestation

Integration age: 3 months

stimulus: stroke the corner of the mouth, upper lip, and lower lip.
response: Movement of the tongue. mouth, and or head toward the stimulus.
relevance: allows searching for and locating feeding sources.

Question 2

Suck swallow:

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 2

Onset age: 28 weeks gestation

Integration age: 2-5 months

stimulus: Place examiners index finger inside infants mouth with head in midline.
response: strong rhythmical sucking
relevance: allows ingestion of nourishment

Question 3

Traction:

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 3

Onset age: 28 weeks gestation

Integration age: 2-5 months

stimulus: grasp infants forearms and pull supine to sit
response: complete flexion of upper extremities
relevance: enhances momentary reflexive grasp

Question 4

Moro:

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 4

Onset age: 28 weeks gestation

Integration age: 4-6 months

stimulus: rapidly drop infants head backwards

response:
first phases: arm extension/ abduction/hand opening

second phase: arm flexion and adduction

relevance: facilitates the ability to depart from dominant flexor
Posture: protective response

Question 5

Plantar grasp:

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 5

Onset age: 28 weeks gestation

Integration age: 9 months

stimulus: apply pressure with thumb on the infants ball of the foot.
response: toe flexion
relevance: increase tactile input to sole of foot

Question 6

Galant:

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 6

Onset age: 32 weeks gestation

Integration age: 2 months

stimulus: hold infant in prone suspension, gently scratch or tap along side the spine with finger, from shoulders to buttock.
response: lateral trunk flexion and wrinkling of the skin on the stimulated side
relevance: facilitates lateral trunk movements necessary for trunk stabilization.

Question 7

Asymmetric tonic neck:

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 7

Onset age: 37 weeks gestational

Integration age: 4-6 months

stimulus: fully rotate infants head and hold for 5 seconds
response: extension of extremities on the face side, flexion of the extremities on the skull side
relevance: promotes visual hand regard

Question 8

Palmer Grasp

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 8

Onset age: 37 weeks gestation

Integration age: 4-6 months

stimulus: Place examiner’s finger on infants palm
response: Finger flexion/ reflexive grasp
relevance: Increases tactile input on infants hand

Question 9

Tonic labyrinthine supine

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 9

Onset age: 37 weeks gestation

Integration age: 6 months

stimulus: place infant in supine
response: increased extensor tone
relevance: facilitates total body extensor tone

Question 10

Tonic labyrinthine prone

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 10

Onset age: 37 weeks gestation

Integration age: 6 months

stimulus: place infant in prone
response: increased flexor tone
relevance: facilitates total body flexor tone

Question 11

Labyrinthine/ optical (head) righting

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 11

Onset age: birth-2 months

Integration age: persists

stimulus: hold infant suspended vertically and tilt slowly (about 45 degrees) to the side, forward, or backward.
response: upright positioning of the head
relevance: orients head in space: maintains face vertical

Question 12

Landau

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 12

Onset age: 3-4 months

Integration age: 12-24 months

stimulus: hold infant in horizontal prone suspension
response: complete extension of the head, trunk and extremities
relevance: breaks up flexor dominance: facilitates prone extension

Question 13

symmetrical tonic neck

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 13

Onset age: 4-6 months

Integration age: 8-12 months

stimulus: place infant in crawling position and extend the head
response: flexion of the hips and knees
relevance: breaks up total extensor posture facilitates static quadruped position

Question 14

neck righting (NOB)

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 14

Onset age: 4-6 months

Integration age: 5 years

stimulus: place infant in supine and fully turn head to one side
response: log rolling of the entire body to maintain alignment with the head
relevance: maintains head/body alignment: initiates rolling (first ambulation effort)

Question 15

Body righting (on body) (BOB)

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 15

Onset age: 4-6 months

Integration age: 5 years

stimulus: place infant in supine, flex one hip and knee toward the chest and hold briefly.
response: segmental rolling of the upper trunk to maintain alignment
relevance: facilitates trunk/spinal rotation

Question 16

Downward parachute (protective extension downward)

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 16

Onset age: 4months

Integration age: persists

stimulus: rapidly lower infant toward supporting surface while suspended vertically
response: extension of the lower extremities
relevance: allows accurate placement of lower extremities in

Question 17

Forward parachute (protective extension forward)

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 17

Onset age: 6-9 months

Integration age: persists

stimulus: suddenly tip infant forward toward supporting surface while vertically suspended.
response: sudden extension of the upper extremities hand opening, and neck extension
relevance: allows accurate placement of upper extremities in anticipation of supporting surface to prevent a fall

Question 18

sideways parachute (protective extension sideways)

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 18

Onset age: 7 months

Integration age: persists

stimulus: quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance to the side while in the sitting position
response: arm extension and abduction to the side
relevance: protects body to prevent a fall: supports body for unilateral use of opposite arm

Question 19

backward parachute (protective extension backwards)

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 19

Onset age: 9-10 months

Integration age: persists

stimulus: quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance backward
response: backward arm extension or arm extension to one side spinal rotation
relevance: protects body to prevent a fall: unilaterally facilitates

Question 20

prone tilting

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 20

Onset age: 5 months

Integration age: persists

stimulus: after positioning infant in prone, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
response: curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity) : abduction/extension of the arms and legs
relevance: maintain equilibrium without arm support: facilitate postural adjustments in all positions

Question 21

supine tilting and sitting tilting

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 21

Onset age: 7-8 months

Integration age: persists

stimulus: after positioning infant in supine or sitting, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface

response curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity) : abduction/extension of the arms and legs

relevance: maintain equilibrium without arm support: facilitate postural adjustments in all positions

Question 22

Quadruped tilting

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 22

Onset age: 9-12 months

Integration age: persists

stimulus: after positioning infant on all fours, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface

response curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity) : abduction/extension of the arms and legs

relevance: maintain equilibrium without arm support: facilitate postural adjustments in all positions

Question 23

Standing tilting

Onset age

Integration age

stimulus

response

relevance

Answer 23

Onset age: 12-21 months

Integration age: persists

stimulus: after positioning infant in standing, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface

response curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity) : abduction/extension of the arms and legs

relevance: maintain equilibrium without arm support: facilitate postural adjustments in all positions