Table 3 Hindeances Due To Faulty Logic Or Perceptions Flashcards
Ad Hoc Hypothesis
A hypothesis, which cannot be independently tested, is used to explain away facts that refute a theory or claim.
Apophenia and superstition
Erroneous perception of the connections between unrelated events.
Argument from ignorance
A logical fallacy claiming something is true because it has not proven false.
Begging the question
A fallacious form of arguing in which one assumes to be true something that one is trying to prove.
Clustering illusion & Texas sharpshooter fallacy
The erroneous impression that random events that occur in clusters are not random.
False analogies
Making illogical analogies to support the validity of a particular claim.
Forer Effect
The tendency to accept vague personality descriptions that can be applicable to most people as uniquely applicable to oneself.
Gamblers fallacy
The fallacy that something with fixed probabilities will increase or decrease depending upon recent occurrences.
Irrelevant Comparisons
Making a comparison that is irrelevant or inappropriate.
Law of truly large numbers
A failure to understand that with a large enough sample, many seemingly unlikely coincidences are in fact likely coincidences, ie, likely to happen.
Non sequitur
Reasons given to support a claim that are irrelevant.
Pareidolia
A type of misperception involving a vague stimulus being perceived as something clear, distinct, and highly significant.
Post Hoc Fallacy
The mistaken notion that because one thing happened after another, the first event caused the second event.
Pragmatic fallacy
Arguing something is true because “it works” even though the causality between this something and the outcome are not demonstrated.
Regressive fallacy
Failing to take into account the natural and inevitable fluctuations of things when assessing cause and effect.
