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1
Q

What is the definition of pharmaceutical tablets?

A

Pharmaceutical tablets are solid, flat or biconvex dishes, unit dosage form, prepared by compressing a drug or a mixture of drugs, with or without diluents.

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2
Q

What are the three main types of dosage forms?

A
  • Solid: Tablets, capsules, powders
  • Semi-solid: Ointments, creams, pastes, gels
  • Liquid: Syrups, linctus, suspension, emulsion
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3
Q

List two advantages of tablets related to production aspects.

A
  • Large scale production cost is low
  • High stability
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4
Q

What is a disadvantage of tablets for certain patient populations?

A

Difficult to swallow for pediatric, geriatric, and unconscious patients.

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5
Q

Name two types of oral tablets.

A
  • Compressed tablets
  • Sustained Release Tablets
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6
Q

What is the first step in the tablet manufacturing process?

A

Issuing of raw materials

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7
Q

What is granulation in tablet formulation?

A

Granulation is a process where small particles adhere together by forming bonds and resulting in the formulation of large aggregates called granules.

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8
Q

What does dry granulation involve?

A

Formation of tablet by first converting the tablet formulation into slugs or compact masses.

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9
Q

What is a disadvantage of dry granulation?

A

Dusting problems and uniform distribution of color might not be achieved.

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10
Q

What is wet granulation?

A

Wet granulation is a technique that involves the usage of a volatile granulating fluid to form compact masses without using a compactor.

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11
Q

What are the two methods of dry granulation?

A
  • Slugging
  • Roller Compaction
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12
Q

True or False: Capping refers to the complete separation of the upper or lower segment of a tablet.

A

True

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13
Q

What is the purpose of disintegration testing?

A

To break down tablets into fragments and facilitate diffusion.

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14
Q

What is the maximum percentage difference allowed during weight variation testing for a tablet weighing 150 mg?

A

5%

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15
Q

What is the purpose of tablet coating?

A

To mask unpleasant organoleptic properties, provide protection to the drug, control drug release, and provide product identification.

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16
Q

What is the final step in sugar coating of tablets?

A

Polishing

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The technique of _______ is used to measure tablet hardness.

A

Monsanto

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18
Q

What is the purpose of using excipients in tablet formulation?

A

To promote the flow of tablet granules by reducing the friction between the particles.

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19
Q

What is the disintegration time for effervescent tablets?

A

2 minutes

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20
Q

How is the dissolution rate of a drug from a tablet defined?

A

The amount of drug substance that goes into the solution per unit time under standardized conditions.

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21
Q

What are the physical characteristics measured during tablet evaluation?

A
  • Size & Shape
  • Organoleptic properties (Color, Odor, Taste)
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22
Q

What is the acceptable weight variation limit for tablets according to USP?

A

No more than 2 tablets are outside the percentage limit.

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23
Q

Which apparatus is used for dissolution testing?

A
  • Apparatus 1 (Basket Type)
  • Apparatus 2 (Paddle Type)
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24
Q

What is the temperature maintained during dissolution testing?

A

37 ± 0.5 °C

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25
Q

What is the purpose of the Roche Friabilitor?

A

To check if the tablet is able to withstand the abrasion on packaging, shipping, and handling.

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26
Q

What is the effect of sugar coating on tablet weight?

A

Increases up to 50-100% of the weight.

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27
Q

What materials are commonly used for sealing in sugar coating?

A
  • Shellac
  • Zinc
  • Polyvinyl
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28
Q

Name one of the main objectives of tablet coating.

A

To provide physical, chemical and mechanical protection to the drug.

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29
Q

True or False: Tablets used for implantation are classified as oral tablets.

A

False

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30
Q

What is the primary purpose of sugar coating in tablet formulation?

A

To provide product identification and enhance appearance

Sugar coating involves multiple steps and can increase tablet weight by 50-100%

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31
Q

What is the first step in sugar coating?

A

Sealing / Water proofing

This step creates a moisture barrier and ensures tablet cores are dried and free of solvents.

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32
Q

What chemicals are commonly used for sealing in sugar coating?

A
  • Shellac
  • Zine
  • Polyvinyl acetate phthalate
  • HPMC
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33
Q

What is the purpose of sub coating in sugar coating?

A

To start sugar coating and round tablet edges

This involves applying gum-based solutions followed by dusting with powder.

34
Q

What is the function of smoothing/syruping in sugar coating?

A

To smoothen surface irregularities and increase tablet size

Final coating is done with clear syrup.

35
Q

What materials are used for polishing sugar-coated tablets?

A
  • Beeswax
  • Carnuba wax
  • Candellia wax
  • Hard paraffin wax
36
Q

What is film coating?

A

A single step process that applies a polymer film to the tablet surface

This adds 2-5% weight to the final tablet.

37
Q

What are the ideal properties of an enteric coating?

A
  • Resistance to gastric fluids
  • Permeable to intestinal fluids
  • Non-toxic and easy to apply
38
Q

What is the main role of diluents in tablet formulation?

A

To increase dosage form volume or weight

Diluents are used when the drug itself is inadequate to produce bulk.

39
Q

Which diluent is known for its low cost and potential chemical incompatibility?

A

Lactose

Lactose can undergo Maillard reaction with amine drugs.

40
Q

What are superdisintegrants?

A

Substances that swell rapidly when in contact with water to facilitate tablet breakdown

They can swell up to tenfold within 30 seconds.

41
Q

What is the purpose of lubricants in tablet formulation?

A

To reduce friction during compression

Hydrophobic lubricants are commonly used.

42
Q

What are anti-adherants used for in tablet manufacturing?

A

To avoid sticking to die walls and picking by punches

43
Q

What is the function of coloring agents in pharmaceuticals?

A

To produce a distinctive appearance and protect photo labile components

Only FDA approved colors can be used.

44
Q

What is the main goal of sweeteners in tablet formulation?

A

To mask unpleasant taste and sweeten oral dosage forms

45
Q

Fill in the blank: An excipient is an _______ substance used in the formulation of pharmaceutical products.

46
Q

Which of the following is a non-enteric film former?

A
  • Ethyl cellulose
  • HPMC
  • Methyl hydroxyl cellulose
47
Q

What can cause the ‘orange peel effect’ in tablet coating?

A

High solution viscosity and inadequate spreading of coating solution

Rapid drying can also contribute.

48
Q

True or False: Enteric-coated tablets are designed to dissolve in the stomach.

49
Q

What is the concentration range for PVP as a binder?

A

2%

PVP is commonly used in both dry and wet forms.

50
Q

What is the role of plasticizers in coating formulations?

A

To modify the physical properties of the polymer

They decrease film brittleness and change flexibility.

51
Q

What is the primary purpose of disintegrants in tablet formulations?

A

To facilitate breakdown and fast dissolution of the tablet

52
Q

What is a key characteristic of ideal excipients for tablets?

A

Physiologically inert and compatible with drugs

They should also be stable and non-toxic.

53
Q

What does ‘die table’ refer to?

A

The portion holding die

The die table is a component in tablet manufacturing that holds the die used for shaping tablets.

54
Q

Aquateric is known as _______.

A

Aqueous enteric coating

55
Q

By which method is the angle of repose calculated?

A

Fixed funnel or free standing cone method

56
Q

Which diluent has no reaction with most drugs?

A

Anhydrous lactose

57
Q

What is the recommended drying temperature for wet granulation mass containing acacia and tragacanth?

A

Above 37 degree

58
Q

Sugartab is the brand name of _______.

59
Q

Why is mannitol preferred in chewable tablets?

A

Shows pleasant feel in mouth

60
Q

Why is clay not commonly used as a disintegrant?

A

Both B & C

Clay hydrolyzes the tablet and destroys it, which is why it is not preferred.

61
Q

Concentration level of starch as a disintegrant is _______.

62
Q

After drying, povidone film becomes _______.

A

Clear, glossy, hard

63
Q

Which form of Eudragit isn’t applicable?

64
Q

PEG (900-800) high molecular weight at room temperature are _______.

65
Q

In which tablet preparation is a diluent not necessary?

66
Q

Floating tablets are designed to _______.

A

Slow dissolution in stomach

67
Q

Which of the following is used for polishing of sugar-coated tablets?

A

Carnauba wax

68
Q

Which of the following is a hydrophobic binder?

A

Ethyl Cellulose

69
Q

Dissolution test apparatus as per IP is _______.

70
Q

What is the first stage of wetting on addition of a granulating fluid?

A

Capillary state

71
Q

What is Primogel?

A

Hydro gelling polymer for gel formation

72
Q

Which industrial dryer is used to dry tablet granules?

A

Fluidized dryer

73
Q

If the Carr’s index of a powder is 10%, then the powder flow is _______.

74
Q

Choose the correct excipient to enhance the solubility of a tablet.

75
Q

Slugging is a part of which granulation?

76
Q

What is the function of sealing in sugar coating?

A

Protect tablet from moisture

77
Q

In sugar coating, what is the step after sealing?

A

Sub coating

78
Q

In which step are colorants added in sugar coating?

79
Q

CAP is _______.

A

Hygroscopic

80
Q

Enteric acrylate polymers include Eudragit L and Eudragit S, which are soluble in _______.

81
Q

HPMCP are more stable than CAP and dissolve at low pH, while acrylate dissolves at _______.

Pharmaceutics (1 decks)

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