T7 Flashcards
What and where is the pituitary gland?
In the brain, ‘master gland’ , directs other glands and regulates body conditions
What and where is the thyroid gland
In the throat, produces thyroxine which regulates metabolism
What dose the ovaries produce
Oestrogen and progesterone
What do the testes produce
Produce testosterone which controls male puberty and sperm production
What dose the pancreas produce
Insulin, which regulates blood glucose levels
Glucagon
What dose the adrenal gland produce
Adrenaline which prepares your body for flight or fight
What is a horemone
Chemicals released into your plasma in the bloodstream produced by endocrine glands
How long is the menstrual cycle
28 days
What day is ovulation
Day 14
What are the 4 stages of the menstrual cycle
1) menstruation starts, the lining of the uterus breaks down and is released
2) day 4-14 the uterus lining is repaired until it becomes think and spongey to hold a potential egg
3) day 14 (ovulation) a egg develops and is released from the ovaries
4) day 14-28 the lining is maintained, if the egg isn’t fertilised the process starts again
What is FSH (menstrual cycle)
Follicle stimulating horemone
Released by the pituitary gland
Causes and egg to mature
Stimulates production of oestrogen
What dose oestrogen do (menstrual cycle)
Released by the ovaries
Causes uterus lining to thicken and grow
High level stimulates and LH surge
What is LH (menstrual cycle)
Luteinising hormone
Released by the pituitary gland
LH surge simulates ovulation, a egg is released
Simulates the remains of the follicle to develop into a corpus outermost which secretes progesterone
What is progesterone (menstrual cycle)
Released by the corpus outermost after ovulation
Maintains uterus lining
Inhibits the release of LH and FSH
2 ways to treat infertility
-clomifene therapy
A drug that causes more FSH and LH to be released
-IVF
collecting eggs from a woman’s ovaries and fertilising them in a lab with males sperm, then transferring them back to the uterus
Contraception used to prevent pregnancy
1) horemones (oestrogen) can be used to prevent eggs releasing if levels stay permanently high
2) progesterone can be used to prevent eggs fertility by producing a mucus
3) combined pill/the patch (releases progesterone and oestrogen)
4) The mini-pill, just progesterone
5) condoms and diaphragm
What happens if your blood glucose (blood sugar levels) increases
Insulin is released to regulate blood glucose. Any left over is converted to glycogen
What happens if your blood glucose levels get to low
Glucagon that was stored in the muscles gets broken down into glucose to release energy and get the levels back up
What can help to measure obesity
BMI index- mass(kg)/height m^2. Waist-to-hip ratio- waist circumference(cm)/hip circumference(cm)
What is homeostasis
Maintaining the right conditions in your body so everything works properly
What is the difference between type 1and 2 diabetes
Type 1- happens when a person produces little/no insulin and can be treated with insulin therapy which helps regulate blood glucose levels
Type 2- when the body no longer produces enough insulin or becomes resistance. There is a correlation between obesity and type 2
