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BIOLOGY > T5 - The Variety of Living Organisms > Flashcards

T5 - The Variety of Living Organisms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an example of a prokaryotic organism

A

bacteria

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2
Q

how do most bacteria feed

A

decompose dead organisms - they are saprotrophs

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3
Q

viral replication cycle

A

absorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release

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4
Q

example of unicellular fungi

A

yeast

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5
Q

What does prokaryotic mean

A

without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria

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6
Q

where is the nuclear material in a prokaryotic organism found

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

what organelles do bacteria have

A

cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids

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8
Q

what are plasmids

A

small circular loops of DNA that contain genes

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9
Q

do bacterium have a nucleus

A

no - they contain a circular chromosome of DNA

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10
Q

examples of bacteria

A

lactobacillus - used to produce yoghurt from milk and pneumococcus - a bacteria that is a pathogen

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11
Q

how do some bacteria feed

A

through the process of photosynthesis

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12
Q

how can bacterial be killed

A

antibiotics

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13
Q

what is a flagella?

A

protrusions from some prokaryotic cells that helps them to move

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14
Q

Why are viruses not considered living?

A

they do not meet MRS C GREN

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15
Q

Why are viruses referred to as particles rather than cells

A

They don’t have a cellular structure but have a protein coat and contain one type of nucleic acid - either DNA or RNAE

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16
Q

What is a pathogen

A

disease causing microorganism

17
Q

Why are all viruses parasitic

A

they can only reproduce inside living cells

18
Q

what do viruses infect

A

every type of living organism

19
Q

Example of a virus that affects humans

A

HIV - it causes the disease AIDS because white blood cells are damaged

20
Q

Can viruses be treated with antibiotics?

A

Viruses cannot be treated with antibiotics

21
Q

Example of a virus that affects plants

A

tobacco mosaic virus - it affects leaves so damages the chloroplasts and stops them producing chlorophyll

22
Q

What does Eukaryotic mean

A

containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts

23
Q

what are the only group that can be both unicellular or multicellular

A

Fungi

24
Q

what are multicellular fungi made up of and what do those make up?

A

Hyphae and they make up the visible structures (mycelium)

25
Q

What are fungi cell walls made of?

A

chitin

26
Q

Do fungi contain chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis?

A

Fungi neither contain chloroplasts nor carry out photosynthesis

27
Q

How do fungi feed?

A

by secreting extracellular digestive enzymes onto the food and then absorbing the digested molecules - saprotrophic nutrition

28
Q

what are some fungi

A

parasitic and feed off living organisms

29
Q

example of multicellular fungi

A

mucor (mould)

30
Q

what is hyphae

A

the tubular cells with cellular wall that make up multicellular fungi

31
Q

mycelium

A

groups of hyphae packed together

32
Q

What are the only group of eukaryotic cells that are unicellular?

A

Protoctists

33
Q

why do protoctists not have a specific structure

A

they are a very diverse kingdom of organisms that dont really belong in any of the other eukaryotic kingdoms

34
Q

Are protoctists unicellular or multicellular?

A

they are usually unicellular however some group together into larger forms

35
Q

What is a form of protocticst that makes them more like an animal cell

A

amoeba

36
Q

why are amoeba classed as protoctists rather than animal cells?

A

they are unicellular

37
Q

what is a form of protoctist that makes them more like plant cells

A

chlorella

38
Q

why are chlorella classed as protoctists rather than plant cells

A

they are unicellular

39
Q

what is a form of protoctist that makes them more like pathogens

A

plasmodium

BIOLOGY (11 decks)

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