t4 science

Question 1

What are the five senses?

Answer 1

Sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.

Question 2

Which organ is responsible for sight?

Answer 2

The eye.

Question 3

What key structure in the ear helps in detecting sound?

Answer 3

The cochlea.

Question 4

What part of the body is responsible for the sense of touch?

Answer 4

The skin.

Question 5

Which sense is associated with olfactory cells?

Answer 5

Smell

Question 6

Name three key structures in the ear.

Answer 6

Eardrum, cochlea, and ossicles.

Question 7

What part of the eye helps focus light on the retina?

Answer 7

The lens.

Question 8

What part of the ear is responsible for transmitting sound vibrations to the cochlea?

Answer 8

The ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes).

Question 9

Where are the rods and cones located, and what do they do?

Answer 9

Located in the retina, they detect light and colour.

Question 10

Which nerve carries visual information from the eye to the brain?

Answer 10

The optic nerve.

Question 11

What are the steps involved in detecting sound?

Answer 11

Sound waves enter the ear canal, the eardrum, the ossicles amplify to the cochlea, which converts them into electrical signals sent to the brain via the auditory nerve.

Question 12

What role does the cochlea play in hearing?

Answer 12

It converts sound vibrations into electrical signals for the brain.

Question 13

What is the function of the cornea?

Answer 13

It focuses light as it enters the eye.

Question 14

How does light detection occur in the eye?

Answer 14

Light enters through the cornea and pupil, is focused by the lens onto the retina, where rods and cones detect light and colour and send signals via the optic nerve to the brain.

Question 15

What are the three main parts of a neuron?

Answer 15

The cell body, dendrites, and axon.

Question 16

What is the role of the dendrites?

Answer 16

They receive signals from other neurons.

Question 17

What does the axon do?

Answer 17

It carries electrical impulses away from the cell body to other cells.

Question 18

What is a synapse?

Answer 18

A gap between neurons where neurotransmitters help pass signals to the next cell.

Question 19

Describe the path of information through a neuron.

Answer 19

Information enters through dendrites, passes through the cell body, travels down the axon, and crosses the synapse to the next neuron.

Question 20

What is the stimulus-response model?

Answer 20

A process where a stimulus triggers a response, such as touching a hot object causing you to pull your hand away.

Question 21

What is a reflex action?

Answer 21

An automatic response to a stimulus that doesn’t involve conscious thought.

Question 22

Give an example of a reflex action.

Answer 22

The knee-jerk reaction when tapped below the kneecap.

Question 23

What does CNS stand for and what is its role?

Answer 23

Central Nervous System; it processes information and coordinates responses.

Question 24

What is the function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 24

It transmits signals between the CNS and the rest of the body.

Question 25

What are the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

Answer 25

Somatic controls voluntary movements; autonomic controls involuntary actions like heart rate.

Question 26

Name the four lobes of the brain.

Answer 26

Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes.

Question 27

What is the main function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 27

It controls decision-making, planning, and voluntary movement.

Question 28

What is homeostasis?

Answer 28

The body’s process of maintaining stable internal conditions.

Question 29

Why is homeostasis important?

Answer 29

It keeps the body’s environment stable for optimal functioning.

Question 30

What’s the main difference between hormonal and nervous responses?

Answer 30

Hormonal responses are slower and long-lasting; nervous responses are fast and short-lived.

Question 30

What is the role of the pituitary gland?

Answer 30

It releases hormones that regulate various bodily functions and helps maintain homeostasis.

Question 31

What is a negative feedback loop

Answer 31

A process where the body counteracts changes to maintain balance.

Question 31

Give an example of a negative feedback loop.

Answer 31

Body temperature regulation—if too hot, the body sweats to cool down.

Question 32

How is blood glucose level controlled?

Answer 32

Insulin lowers blood glucose when high; glucagon raises it when low.

Question 33

What role do kidneys play in water content control?

Answer 33

They adjust the amount of water reabsorbed into the bloodstream.

Question 34

How does the body regulate internal temperature?

Answer 34

Through sweating, shivering, and adjusting blood flow.