T4 biology test Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the roles of nervous control?

A

Control and co-ordinate the functioning of the body & Receive information from sensory neuron, process information by the brain and spinal cord and respond by an effector (muscle/gland)

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2
Q

what are the roles of the central nervous system?

A

Control center of the body that processes incoming messages from the environment.

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3
Q

what are the two parts of the central nervous system?

A

spinal cord & brain

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4
Q

what are the roles of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Carries information to and from the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

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5
Q

what does the somatic nervous system control?

A

voluntary skeletal movements

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6
Q

what does the atomic nervous system control?

A

involuntary actions, which occur without conscious control:

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

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7
Q

what is a reflex arc?

A

An involuntary and instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.

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8
Q

what do the sensory neurons do?

A

carry messages from receptor to spinal cord

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9
Q

what do the interneurons do?

A

sends two messages, one to the brain and one to the muscles via a motor neuron

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10
Q

what are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A

frontal lobe, occipital lobe, peripheral lobe & temporal lobe

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11
Q

what are the parts of the brain?

A

cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum, mid brain & thalamus

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12
Q

what is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

movement, balance & coordination

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13
Q

what is the cerebrum responsible for?

A

Associated with higher thinking orders (divided into 4 lobes)

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14
Q

what is the brain stem responsible for?

A

connects brain to spinal cord and contains the medulla oblongata

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15
Q

what is the mid brain responsible for?

A

contains areas that receive and process sensory information, such as a movement and vision

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16
Q

what is the thalamus responsible for?

A

processes and carries messages for sensory information to the cortex

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17
Q

what are the roles of neurons?

A

Basic unit of the nervous system. A cell that carries electrical impulses

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18
Q

what do dendrites do?

A

Receive stimuli

19
Q

what does the brainstem do?

A

connects brain to spinal cord and contains the medulla oblongata

20
Q

what does the medulla oblongata do?

A

controls automatic functions such as breathing and digestion

21
Q

what do the pons do?

A

assists in automatic functions such as breathing, sleep and arousal

22
Q

what does the nerve cell body do?

A

At nucleus transmits the stimuli

23
Q

what do the axon do?

A

Transmits the impulse to another dendrite

24
Q

what does the myelin sheath do?

A

Fatty, insulating layer, allows nerve impulses to travel faster

25
Q

what does the axon terminal do?

A

Found at the end of neuron, release chemicals which carry the message to the next neuron

26
Q

what does the cell body do?

A

The main part of a cell that contains the nucleus/genetic material

27
Q

what does the synapse do?

A

The small gap between two neurons that must be crossed by neurotransmitters (chemical messengers)

28
Q

what do motor neurons do?

A

Carry messages from CNS to muscle cells in the body

29
Q

what is the role of the endocrine system?

A

A system of glands which secrete different types of hormones directly into the bloodstream or surrounding tissues

30
Q

what are hormones?

A

chemical messages which travel through the bloodstream They communicate with the body by heading toward the target cell to bring about a change or effect to the cell.
Works together with the nervous system and immune system to help the body cope with stress and changes

31
Q

what are the 6 parts of the endocrine system?

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary Gland
  • Thyroid Gland
  • Pancreas
  • Ovaries
  • Testes
32
Q

what is the function of the pituitary gland?

A

Controls other glands and body growth. “Master gland”

33
Q

what is the location of the pituitary gland?

A

Base of the brain, below the hypothalamus

34
Q

what is the function of the thyroid gland?

A

Controls the rate that food is turned into energy. “Metabolism”

35
Q

what is the location of the thyroid gland?

A

In front of the neck below the larynx

36
Q

what is the function of the pancreas?

A

Controls the body’s use of glucose

37
Q

what is the location of the pacreas?

A

Just below the kidneys near the stomach

38
Q

in the pancreas what are the hormones/target organ/ /main effects?

A

hormones: Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) & Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
target organ/cells: Thyroid Gland Nephrons - Kidney
main effects:

39
Q

in the pancreas what are the hormones/target organ/ /main effects?

A

hormone: insulin
target organ/cells: most cells
main effects: Stimulates uptake of glucose; lowers blood glucose level

40
Q

what are the receptors in the ear?

A

Mechanoreceptors

41
Q

what are the receptors in the eyes?

A

Photoreceptors

42
Q

what are the receptors in the nose and tongue?

A

Chemoreceptors

43
Q

what are the receptors in the skin?

A

Thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors & pain receptors