T3 Pregnancy Flashcards
What are the trimesters of pregnancy?
- 1-13 weeks
- 14-27 weeks
- 28-40 weeks
Stretch marks are called:
striae gravidarum
After 36 weeks, the baby drops down into the pelvis and maternal breathing difficulties are relieved. This drop is called:
lightening
Preterm labour contractions are contractions that occur before __ weeks. These are not the same as ___ ___ contractions, which are “practice” contractions as actual labour time is approached.
37; Braxton-Hicks
What is Progesterone and what does it do?
- produced by the corpus luteum in first 2-3 months, then by the placenta
- helps prepare uterus for implanting of the egg by thickening uterine lining and increasing lining’s secretory and nourishing qualities
- aids breast development and relaxes smooth mm (which helps prevent uterine contractions, but also affects intestines, bladder, vasculature – leads to constipation, heartburn, bladder infections, swelling of hands and ankles due to new permeability of vasculature, increased body temp, varicose veins etc.) Overview of effects:
- carpal tunnel syndrome (due to increased edema involving peripheral nerves)
- constipation
- dyspnea
- heartburn
- epistaxis (nose bleeds)
- edema from vasodilation
- nasal congestion
- orthostatic hypotension
- spider angioma, varicosities in legs or vagina, hemorrhoids
- ry tract infections
What is Estrogen and what does it do?
- normally produced by ovaries and adrenal cortex, but during early pregnancy its principal source is corpus luteum until placenta takes over
- helps build tissues in smooth mm, prepping endometrium for taking care of fertilized egg, embryo, fetus
- also affect mammary glands by increasing breast size, vascularity, number and size of milk-producing ducts and lobes
- overview of effects:
- enlargement of uterus and breasts and lactation prep
- breast tenderness
- palmar erythema
- softening of connect tissue; backache, flank pain, tenderness of symphysis pubis
- decreased secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsin causing nausea, indigestion, heartburn
- chloasma, linea negra, freckles, darkening of nipples
- change in substernal angle from 68 to 103 degrees, expansion of intercostal spaces
- increased blood, lymph, nn supply to uterus
Estrogen and adrenocorticoid hormones contribute to:
- __ __ – tiny thin blood vessels near surface of skin
- darkening of the linea alba called, which has it renamed the linea __
- darkening of the skin of the face called __
- spider angioma aka spider veins
- negra
- cloasma
A separation of the symphysis pubis of >10mm is called __ __ __. It can cause severe pain in the pubic area.
diastasis symphysis pubis
What releases Oxytocin and what does it do?
- released by hypothalamus
- causes uterus to rhythmically contract during labour and stimulates milk “let down” or ejection reflex (stimulation of glands that squeeze milk toward nipple)
- also thought to promote maternal love
What releases Prolactin and what does it do?
- released by ant. pituitary gland
- stimulates milk production, reduces anxiety, has strong analgesic effects
With pregnancy, the blood clots faster than normal because of increased __ activity. The means a person has 5-6 times greater risk of blood clots during pregnancy.
fibrolytic
a miscarriage is a birth that happens before __ weeks of pregnancy; a premature birth happens between __ and __ weeks
12-13; between 20-37
This is the name for when the fetus is small for its estimated gestational age
intrauterine growth restriction
When too little amniotic fluid is produced, this is called:
oligohydramnios
A synthetic form of oxytocin, called __, can be used to induce labour earlier than due date. This can be used with gestational diabetes if the baby has grown too large.
pitocin
