T3 Pregnancy Flashcards
What are the trimesters of pregnancy?
- 1-13 weeks
- 14-27 weeks
- 28-40 weeks
Stretch marks are called:
striae gravidarum
After 36 weeks, the baby drops down into the pelvis and maternal breathing difficulties are relieved. This drop is called:
lightening
Preterm labour contractions are contractions that occur before __ weeks. These are not the same as ___ ___ contractions, which are “practice” contractions as actual labour time is approached.
37; Braxton-Hicks
What is Progesterone and what does it do?
- produced by the corpus luteum in first 2-3 months, then by the placenta
- helps prepare uterus for implanting of the egg by thickening uterine lining and increasing lining’s secretory and nourishing qualities
- aids breast development and relaxes smooth mm (which helps prevent uterine contractions, but also affects intestines, bladder, vasculature – leads to constipation, heartburn, bladder infections, swelling of hands and ankles due to new permeability of vasculature, increased body temp, varicose veins etc.) Overview of effects:
- carpal tunnel syndrome (due to increased edema involving peripheral nerves)
- constipation
- dyspnea
- heartburn
- epistaxis (nose bleeds)
- edema from vasodilation
- nasal congestion
- orthostatic hypotension
- spider angioma, varicosities in legs or vagina, hemorrhoids
- ry tract infections
What is Estrogen and what does it do?
- normally produced by ovaries and adrenal cortex, but during early pregnancy its principal source is corpus luteum until placenta takes over
- helps build tissues in smooth mm, prepping endometrium for taking care of fertilized egg, embryo, fetus
- also affect mammary glands by increasing breast size, vascularity, number and size of milk-producing ducts and lobes
- overview of effects:
- enlargement of uterus and breasts and lactation prep
- breast tenderness
- palmar erythema
- softening of connect tissue; backache, flank pain, tenderness of symphysis pubis
- decreased secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsin causing nausea, indigestion, heartburn
- chloasma, linea negra, freckles, darkening of nipples
- change in substernal angle from 68 to 103 degrees, expansion of intercostal spaces
- increased blood, lymph, nn supply to uterus
Estrogen and adrenocorticoid hormones contribute to:
- __ __ – tiny thin blood vessels near surface of skin
- darkening of the linea alba called, which has it renamed the linea __
- darkening of the skin of the face called __
- spider angioma aka spider veins
- negra
- cloasma
A separation of the symphysis pubis of >10mm is called __ __ __. It can cause severe pain in the pubic area.
diastasis symphysis pubis
What releases Oxytocin and what does it do?
- released by hypothalamus
- causes uterus to rhythmically contract during labour and stimulates milk “let down” or ejection reflex (stimulation of glands that squeeze milk toward nipple)
- also thought to promote maternal love
What releases Prolactin and what does it do?
- released by ant. pituitary gland
- stimulates milk production, reduces anxiety, has strong analgesic effects
With pregnancy, the blood clots faster than normal because of increased __ activity. The means a person has 5-6 times greater risk of blood clots during pregnancy.
fibrolytic
a miscarriage is a birth that happens before __ weeks of pregnancy; a premature birth happens between __ and __ weeks
12-13; between 20-37
This is the name for when the fetus is small for its estimated gestational age
intrauterine growth restriction
When too little amniotic fluid is produced, this is called:
oligohydramnios
A synthetic form of oxytocin, called __, can be used to induce labour earlier than due date. This can be used with gestational diabetes if the baby has grown too large.
pitocin
This is a condition in which the placenta begins to separate from the wall of the uterus before the delivery of the baby
placental abruption
Is full placental abruption considered a medical emergency?
yes (but partial abruption will just mean mother may be restricted to bedrest)
What’s placenta previa?
placenta has implanted itself partially or completely over opening of cervix
When too much amniotic fluid is produced in the uterus, this is called
- poplyhydramnios (means an increased intrauterine pressure and impaired perfusion of blood between uterus and placenta – can lead to dangerous effects such as sudden rupture of the uterus or placental abruption, irritable uterine contractions, preterm labour, premature rupture of amniotic sac)
- person may be restricted to bedrest; may be treated with modified activity
What’s Gestational Hypertension?
- high BP that develops during pregnancy, usually beginning sometime btwn 20 wks gestation and 1 wk postpartum
- mild GH is not necessarily dangerous, but up to 50% of people with GH are likely to progress into condition called preeclampsia
What’s preeclampsia?
- changes begin to develop in the organ systems, blood chemistry is altered, BP continues to rise
- might be relegated to bed rest
- as long as BP stays under 140/90, no restrictions, but get checked regularly
- can lead to premature births and increased risk of placental abruption
- BP can stay elevated up to 6 wks postpartum
- in severe cases, person will be in hospital on bed rest
What’s HELLP syndrome?
- Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelets
- somewhat like severe preeclampsia
- characterized by pain in epigastric area or RUQ o abdomen
- occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies
- nausia, vomiting, general malaise, HA
When GH and preeclampsia are not controlled, they can lead to __, which can lead to convulsions and even death
eclampsia
When is the postpartum period? i.e. what duration?
6 wks
