T3 L1: Affective disorders - Neurobiology and clinical aspects Flashcards
What are some symptoms of depression?
- Low mood
- Anhedonia
- Psychomotor retardation
- Diurnal variation of mood
- Agitation/restlessness
- Anxiety
- somatic symptoms
- Hypochondriasis
- Weight loss
- Insomnia
- Suicidal thoughts
What criteria in the DSM5 need to be met for a diagnosis of a major depressive episode?
At least 5 symptoms during a 2 week period:
- Depressed mood most of the time
- Diminished interest in pleasure
- Weight loss/gain or appetite increase/decrease
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
- Psychomotor retardation or agitation
- Fatigue or loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness
- Inability to think or concentrate
- Suicidal thoughts or attempts
These symptoms have to cause significant distress or functional impairment
What is Hypochondriasis?
Worrying excessively that you are or may become seriously ill without actually having any symptoms
What is atypical depression?
Mood reactivity and:
Significant weight gain or increase in appetite
Hypersomnia
Leaden paralysis (heavy, leaden feelings in arms and legs)
Interpersonal rejection sensitivity
What are some DSM V diagnostic criteria for a manic episode?
- Abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
- At least for 1 week
- Increased energy
And at least 3:
- Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
- Decreased need for sleep
- More talkative
- Distractibility
- Increase in goal-directed activity
- Excessive involvement in high risk activities
What is a hypomanic episode?
It lasts at least 4 days and is not severe enough to cause marked functional impairment
What is a mixed affective episode?
Full criteria met for either a manic or depressive episode but there are also at least 3 symptoms of the opposite polarity
What is MDD?
Major Depressive Disorder
What is Bipolar type 1?
At least 1 manic episode
What is Bipolar type 2?
1 hypomanic episode and 1 depressive episode
What is the average age of onset of bipolar disorders?
21
What are some features of Familial bipolar disorder?
Highly recurrent with low rates of fully sustained recovery
High rates of depression
Describe the staging model of bipolar disorder
Latent- at risk of developing bipolar. Positive family history. Mood and anxiety symptoms
Stage 1- Well defined periods of euthymia without overt psychiatric symptoms
Stage 2- Symptoms of inner-episodic period are mainly related to comorbidities
Stage 3- Marked impairment in cognition and functioning
Stage 4- Unable to live autonomously due to cognitive and functional impairment
