T2DM drugs

Question 1

metformin mechanism of action

Answer 1

increases insulin sensitivity and decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis

Question 2

metformin side effects

Answer 2

GI upset, lactic acidosis

Question 3

first line medication in T2DM

Answer 3

metformin

Question 4

SUs mechanism of action

Answer 4

stimulate pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin

Question 5

SUs side effects

Answer 5

hypoglycaemia. weight gain, hyponatraemia

Question 6

thiazolidonediones (glitazones) mechanism of action

Answer 6

activate PPAR-gamma receptor in adipocytes to promote adipogenesis and fatty acid uptake

Question 7

SUs examples

Answer 7

gliclazide and glimepiride

Question 8

TZDs (glitazones) side effects

Answer 8

weight gain, fluid retention

Question 9

TZDs (glitazones) examples

Answer 9

pioglitazone

Question 10

DPP-4 inhibitor (-gliptins)

Answer 10

increases incretin levels which inhibit glucagon secretion

Question 11

DPP-4 inhibitors (-gliptins) side effects

Answer 11

increased risk of pancreatitis

Question 12

SGLT-2 inhibitors (-gliflozins)

Answer 12

inhibits reabsorption of glucose in the kidney

Question 13

SGLT-2 inhibitors (-gliflozins) side effects

Answer 13

UTI, candidiasis, weight loss

Question 14

GLP-1 agonists (-tides)

Answer 14

incretin mimetic which inhibits glucagon secretion

Question 15

GLP-1 agonists (-tides) route

Answer 15

subcutaneous

Question 16

GLP-1 agonists (-tides) side effects

Answer 16

nausea and vomiting. pancreatitis, weight loss