T2DM drugs

Question 1

What do sulphonylureas do?

Answer 1

Boost endogenous insulin production

Question 2

Example of an SU?

Answer 2

Glicazide

Glipizide

Question 3

Benefits of SUs?

Answer 3

Reduce HbA1c
Weight loss
Work faster than metformin

Question 4

Cons of an SU?

Answer 4

GI upset

Hypos

Question 5

What do biguanides do?

Answer 5

Increase sensitivity to insulin

Question 6

Example of a biguanide?

Answer 6

Metformin

Question 7

Benefits of biguanides?

Answer 7

Reduce HbA1c
Weight loss
Don’t cause hypos

Question 8

Cons of biguanides?

Answer 8

Lactic acidosis
GI upset
Take a while to work
CONTRAINDICATED IN RENAL FAILURE

Question 9

What do SGLT-2 inhibitors do?

Answer 9

Decrease glucose reabsorption by the kidneys

Question 10

Example of an SGLT-2 inhibitor?

Answer 10

Dapagliflozin

Question 11

Benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors?

Answer 11

Drastic weight loss - ~1lb a week

Question 12

Cons of SGLT-2 inhibitors?

Answer 12

Increased sugar in the urine, increasing likelihood of UTIs and thrush

Question 13

What do TZDs do?

Answer 13

Increase sensitivity to insulin

Question 14

Example of a TZD?

Answer 14

Pioglitazone

Rosiglitazone

Question 15

Benefits of TZDs?

Answer 15

Reduce HbA1c

Increase insulin sensitivity

Question 16

Cons of TZDs?

Answer 16

Weight gain - fat and fluid
Increased risk of heart failure due to fluid retention
Risk of hypos if used along with an SU

Question 17

Two categories of incretins?

Answer 17

DPP-IV inhibitors

GLP-1 receptor agonists

Question 18

Example of a DPP-IV inhibitor?

Answer 18

Sitagliptin

Question 19

Example of a GLP-1 receptor agonist?

Answer 19

Exenatide

Question 20

What do DPP-IV inhibtors and GLP-1 receptor agonists do?

Answer 20

Increase insulin production
Downregulate glucagon
**GLP-1 receptor agonists also cause early satiety