T2D Drugs Flashcards
how do SGLT2 inhibitors work?
reduce glucose reabsorption and increase urinary glucose excretion
examples of SGLT2 inhibitors include?
canagliflozin, dapagliflozin empagliflozin
side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors?
Urinary/genital infections, fournier’s gangrene
normoglycaemic ketoacidosis
increased risk of lower limb amputation
can also lose weight
sulfonylureas mechanism of action?
increase pancreatic insulin secretion. bind to ATP dependent K channel.
common adverse effects of sulfonylureas?
hypoglycaemic epidoses. chlorpropamide
weight gain
rarer adverse effects of sulfonylureas?
hyponatremia- SIADH
bone marrow suppression
hepatotoxicity
peripheral neuropathy
sulfonylureas should be avoided in?
breastfeeding and pregnancy
How do thizolidinediones work?
work on PPAR gamma receptor (nuclear) and reduced peripheral insulin resistance
adverse effects of thiazolidinediones?
weight gain
liver impairment
fluid retention contraindicated in HF
increased risk of fractures
bladder cancer risk - pioglitazone
examples of DPP4?
sitagliptin, vildagliptin
how do DPP4 work?
increase levels of incretins by decreasing their peripheral breakdown
glucagon like peptide 1 example?
exenatide
GLP1 mimetics action?
increase insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon secretion
benefit of GLP1 mimetics?
weight loss
how should exenatide be given?
subcut injection in 60 minutes before the morning and evening meals
